Continuous Production of High-Capacity Iron-Based Prussian Blue Sodium-Ion Cathode Materials Using a Rotor–Stator Spinning Disk Reactor

Abstract

Iron-based Prussian blue materials have the potential to be used as low-cost, simple-to-synthesize, and highcapacity cathode materials for large-scale energy storage sodiumion batteries. However, in order to obtain high-capacity sodium storage Prussian blue materials, the currently used high-energy hydrothermal method or interstitial coprecipitation method is difficult to meet large-scale energy storage applications. The electrochemical performance of the product is highly dependent on the crystallization process. In this work, a simple stator−rotor reactor (RSSDR) reactor and precipitation transformation were used to improve the crystallization and precipitation process of iron-based Prussian blue, and continuous production was realized. The effects of particles with different morphologies on the products after aging were investigated, and the specific capacity (162.4 mAh g −1 at 34 mA g −1 ) and cycle retention rate (capacity retention of 64.97% for 200 cycles at the current density of 170 mA g −1 ) of iron-based Prussian blue were improved. Overall, this work provides a strategy to continuously produce iron-based Prussian blue sodium-ion cathode materials with improved electrochemical performance through improving the crystallization process.

Y-tube assisted coprecipitation synthesis of iron-based Prussian blue analogues cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries

“…Consequently, the resulting in PBAs exhibit reduced vacancy defects and a narrower particle size distribution. Zhu et al 53 employed a stator-rotor reactor (RSSDR) combined with precipitation transformation to enhance the crystallization and precipitation process for continuous production of iron-based PBAs. By leveraging intense micromixing and aging, they successfully prepared PBAs with high sodium content and minimal defects.…”