Artigo recebido em 31 de agosto de 2017, versão final aceita em 29 de janeiro de 2018. RESUMO:Os processos de Gerenciamento Costeiro (GC) nas últimas décadas vêm evoluindo, apresentando diferentes métodos de gestão, sendo que uma nova fronteira se encontra na Gestão com Base Ecossistêmica (GBE). No entanto, para colocar em prática a GBE, a qual leva em consideração as funções, os processos e os serviços ecossistêmicos dos ambientes costeiros e marinhos, entendendo-os como um conjunto de ecossistemas compostos por elementos ecológicos (naturais), econômicos e sociais, se faz necessária a base de informação ecossistêmica. O presente trabalho propõe, apresentando resultados aplicados, um roteiro metodológico de seis etapas: 1. Identificar os ecossistemas como "Unidades de Gestão"; 2. Mapear, modelar e simular os ecossistemas; 3. Identificar e classificar os serviços ecossistêmicos; 4. Definir os valores e a qualidade dos serviços; 5. Identificar os espaços de gestão; e 6. Integrar com políticas e demais instrumentos de gestão e legais. As aplicações práticas apresentadas vão desde trabalhos acadêmicos de identificação e caracterização de ambientes costeiros e marinhos a aplicações nos processos de gestão ambiental portuários, passando também pelo desenvolvimento de Zoneamentos Ecológico-Econômicos (ZEEs) em nível regional, por exemplo. Na apreciação integral do conjunto de exemplos e iniciativas para todas as etapas do modelo, depreende-se que a sua aplicação é ampla, variada e consideravelmente simples. Da mesma forma, a multiplicidade de possíveis aplicações do modelo em ações voltadas ao suporte de uma GBE sugere que seu uso pode crescer e buscar iniciativas inovadoras. A expectativa dos autores é de que tal ferramenta possa, de fato, delinear e estimular pesquisas e aplicações com base ecossistêmica na busca da sustentabilidade da costa e do bem-estar de seus atores sociais. Palavras-chave:Gestão com Base Ecossistêmica (GBE); serviços ecossistêmicos; matriz de serviços ecossistêmicos.ABSTRACT: In the last decades Coastal Management (CM) processes have been evolving, presenting different management methods, and the new frontier is at the so-called Ecosystem Based Management (EBM). However, to put into practice EBM, which takes into account ecosystem functions, processes and services of coastal and marine environments, understanding them as a set of ecosystems composed of ecological (natural), economic and social elements, it is necessary an ecosystem-based information. The present work proposes, presenting practical results, a methodological path of six stages: 1. Identification of ecosystems as "Management Units"; 2. Mapping, modeling and simulating ecosystems and their connections; 3. Identification and classification of ecosystem services; 4. Definition of values and quality of services; 5. Identification of related management procedures; and 6. Integration with policies and other management and legal tools. The concrete applications range from academic studies of identification and characterization of coastal...

O presente trabalho caracterizou a base ecossistêmica que subsidia a atividade pesqueira artesanal no Baixo Estuário da Lagoa dos Patos (BELP), RS, Brasil, utilizando a pesca da tainha (Mugil liza) como uma pescaria representativa. Foram identificados 10 (dez) ecossistemas dominantes que dão suporte de diferentes maneiras à atividade: Marismas; Vegetação Aquática Submersa; Baixios; Planos Intermareais; Zonas Intermediárias; Praias Estuarinas; Canais de Drenagem; Canais; Molhes e Costeiro Adjacente. Na análise dos serviços gerados por tais ecossistemas, de acordo com a sua classificação – suporte, provisão, regulação e cultural –, alguns aparecem ligados de modo direto à pesca artesanal, principalmente os serviços de Suporte (Área de refúgio; Berçário; Base para biodiversidade; Ciclagem de nutrientes; Espaço para pesca; Navegabilidade; Corredor ecológico; Atracadouro para embarcações; Espaço para ocupação) e Provisão (Produção de biomassa; Fibras vegetais). Para compreender os principais fluxos e processos percorridos pelos serviços ecossistêmicos e suas inter-relações com os diferentes componentes ambientais e socioeconômicos da atividade pesqueira, foram confeccionados dois modelos conceituais de fluxo energético. O primeiro para o BELP, para entender o funcionamento geral do estuário e o conjunto de componentes e processos que estão conectados e subsidiam o subsistema da pesca, e o segundo – com maior nível de detalhamento – para apresentar os diferentes aspectos da atividade pesqueira e a produção (e geração) dos serviços ecossistêmicos que atuam diretamente na manutenção da pesca artesanal da tainha nesta área. Tal análise torna possível e alavanca a base de informações integradas deste sistema no estuário, considerando seus aspectos ecológicos, econômicos e sociais. A expectativa é que os resultados produzidos se configurem como subsídios para uma gestão com base ecossistêmica da pesca artesanal, levando em conta os diferentes usos e benefícios dos ecossistemas nesta região. Da mesma forma, propõe um procedimento de análise com potencial de ser aplicado em ambientes estuarinos com atividades pesqueiras correspondentes.

Coral reefs and mangroves support rich biodiversity and provide ecosystem services that range from food, recreational benefits and coastal protection services, among others. They are one of the most threatened ecosystems by urbanization processes. In this context, we developed a conceptual framework for the management of biodiversity and ecosystem services for these coastal environments. We based our workflow on two sections: “Information base” and “Governance” and use the Puerto Morelos Coastal region as a case study for coastal protection. Puerto Morelos is between two of the most touristic destinations of Mexico (Playa del Carmen and Cancun) that has experienced an increase of population in the past four decades resulting in an intensification of multiple threats to its ecosystems. We characterized the two ecosystems with a “Management Units” strategy. An expert-based ecosystem services matrix was also described in order to connect mangroves and coral reef ecosystems with the multiple beneficiaries. Then an ecosystem model (conceptual model and Global Biodiversity model) was developed. The conceptual model was useful in understanding the interplay processes between systems regarding the ecosystem service of “Coastal Protection”. The Global Biodiversity model evidenced the human-induced shifts in the biodiversity for mangrove and coral reefs ecosystems. Also, a projection for 2035 of “best” and “worst” scenarios was applied using GLOBIO3. A DPSIR conceptual framework was used to analyze environmental problems regarding ecosystem services maintenance. Finally, we evaluated a set of policies associated with these ecosystems that favor coastal protection integrity. This framework facilitates the identification of the most relevant processes and controls about the provision of coastal protection service. It can also be useful to better target management actions and as a tool to identify future management needs to tackle the challenges preventing more effective conservation of coastal environments.

The analysis of wave effects above salinity is important in order to define mixing processes and their potential to change density gradients, since action in the region of the Patos Lagoon plume is highly dynamic. This paper aims to evaluate the influence of waves on the mixing pattern of the adjacent continental shelf. Constantly marked by tides and circulation variations, changing from flood to ebb tide, salinity stands as a major parameter for analysis. The study is based on hydrodynamic numerical modeling experiments using the TELEMAC3D model and waves generated by the wind using the TOMAWAC coupled model. The comparison between the situations considering the waves generated by the wind and without waves was made through time series analysis, stratification series, transversal cross sections, longitudinal cross sections, salinity mean fields and diagrams by Richardson and Brünt-Väisäläs frequency parameters. With the cross sections analysis, the mixing effect generated by the waves was observed, demonstrating clearly that the waves were capable of raising the superficial salinity in regions far from the Patos Lagoon entrance, while at the entrance, the wave effects enhanced the mixing on the deepest layers, decreasing the saline intrusion and expanding the plume more radially on the surface. The space-temporal diagrams were effective to demonstrate the modulation effect of the waves over the salt mixing of saline waters, revealing that wave effects decrease the stratification as well as the Brünt-Väisäläs frequency and increase the period of buoyancy, due to the mixing increase

Coastal and marine spaces all around the world are committed to a current global sustainability agendas, in the seas and coasts, as well as their public policies and territorial governance agendas have received a special role in international discussions on the directions of development and conservation. In this context, the establishment of the Sustainable Development Agenda for 2030 (Agenda 2030) by the United Nations (UN) stands out which incorporated Objective 14, seeking to establish a science-political-society interface and strengthening the management of oceans and coastal zones for the benefit of humankind. In this scenario, in line with the global agendas and in order to identify and fill gaps in the interface between produced science and public policies for Brazilian marine-coastal environments, the initiative “Programa Horizonte Oceânico Brasileiro (HOB)” was created. The theme “Marine Space Planning (MSP)” is extremely relevant in the scope of the HOB, given its proposal for innovation through an ecosystem approach. Furthermore, MSP has been adopted as a mechanism for environmental policies in the international intergovernmental sector in countries with different levels of development, as a public policy and operational platform in planning and management of uses in the marine-coastal space. In this context, the activities of the Marine Space Planning Team (Team PEM) were established, which has been producing knowledge to strengthen the MSP in the path of collective inter-network learning and disseminating information that can assist future research, management and ordering actions in Brazilian seas and coasts, such as the publication of the.“I Volume Horizonte Oceânico Brasileiro” (Chapter 5 - Planejamento Espacial Marinho: Desafios e Oportunidades para Inserção Inter-Redes no Pré Planejamento Espacial Marinho Brasileiro) and the “Síntese para Tomadores de Decisão – I VOLUME HOB” (Planejamento Espacial Marinho: Desafios e Caminhos para sua Implementação) and the webinar of Marine Spatial Planning. This article aims to present the production of general knowledge about MSP by this group and its potential interaction with different systems (social, economic and political), looking to contribute and improving the information base of Brazilian coastal governance and also to subsidize possible initiatives related to the theme.

The complexity and dynamics of changes in public administration structures and their management mechanisms can be causes of turbulence and increased uncertainty in the different fields of government action. This article seeks to analyze the possible effects of these institutional movements on plans and structures aimed at Brazilian coastal management, seen as an integral part of the public policies established for planning and management in this field. The methodological approach developed is descriptive and interpretive, with qualitative data that try to characterize the National Coastal Management Program (GERCO) from the stages of a public policy cycle, observing the presence (or absence) of elements of each model of administration in its development. The result of the analysis concludes that GERCO was conceived and implemented in a context of hybridism of bureaucratic, managerial, and societal administration models. Furthermore, this hybridism can be recognized in different ways when we look at each stage of the political cycle. Elements of bureaucratic administration became evident mainly in the elaboration of the program (PNGC I), and through hierarchies in the organization of competences for coordination and the constitution of technical instruments without the participation of social actors, other than specialized non-technicians. The management model is present in all stages of the cycle, from the perception of the problem to the implementation phase of the policy and its instruments. A strong hybrid between the managerial and the societal model stands out, right after the regulation of PNGC II, with the incorporation of the need to improve the quality of management with more participation and action by civil society actors. The cycle assists in the systematization of information about the GERCO structure and shows a weakness in the steps of enforcing in practice the instruments that aim to ensure the planning and conservation of coastal spaces. It is believed that this study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between coastal management and the Public Administration that holds it and determines its directions. It is in the intricacies of the PA, with its potentialities and anachronisms, that the conditions (favorable or not) for the development of the cycles of this public policy (PP) are established, which overlap in spasmodic movements, benefitting more planning stages than the implementation of instruments. and processes related to coastal zone management. Keywords: Coastal management, Public administration models, Public policy cycle, National Coastal Management Program, Brazilian public administration.

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