Abstract. Hahn and Wallsten [1] wrote that network neutrality "usually means that broadband service providers charge consumers only once for Internet access, do not favor one content provider over another, and do not charge content providers for sending information over broadband lines to end users." We study the implications of non-neutral behaviors under a simple model of linear demand-response to usage-based prices. We take into account advertising revenues for the content provider and consider both cooperative and non-cooperative scenarios. We show that by adding the option for one provider to determine the amount of side payment from the other provider, not only do the content provider and the internaut suffer, but also the Access Provider's performance degrades.

Abstract:Hahn and Wallsten [3] wrote that net neutrality usually means that broadband service providers charge consumers only once for Internet access, do not favor one content provider over another, and do not charge content providers for sending information over broadband lines to end users." In this paper we study the implications of being non-neutral, particularly by charging the content providers. Using game theoretic tools, we show that by adding the option for the service providers to charge the content providers, not only may the content providers and the internauts suer, but also the access provider's performance degrades.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate Chinese indirect trade relations in the global trade network to observe if the objectives identified by Cai (2017) in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) are being fulfilled, especially with Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from the UNCTAD (2016) for the period 2011–2015, a normalized exports network is built. It is analyzed with the Forgotten Effects Theory and the PageRank algorithm. A Monte Carlo experiment with 10,000 replicates is performed to account for its volatility.FindingsThe paper identifies one instance in which China's peripheral countries are importing raw materials and commodities -–oil products – to produce low technological value-added products, which, in turn, are exported to China. LAC countries do not have significant indirect trade relations with China when the former is the origin country, while the latter is the destination in a trade relationship. The trade network has a clear core-periphery structure, with China belonging to its core, although being only the fourth most central node in the network.Originality/valueThis paper contributes with both a new methodology for the analysis of indirect trade relations and the results found for China under the BRI and its trade relationship with LAC economies.

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Recent publications have reached conicting conclusions on wheather allowing users to have unlimitted free access for downloading music and lms is benetial or not for the content provider industrty. Not only do models dier in their conclusions, but there has also not been an agreement on the validity of data on the impact of free access to music and lms using P2P on the prots of CPIs and on the demand for CDs and DVDs. We provide in this paper a model that allows to study this question using elementary mathematical tools. In particular, it includes the eect of sampling on the the willingness to buy. Preliminary numerical experiments show that benets are maximized by avoiding any control measures against unauthorized sampling over P2P networks.

En este trabajo se propone un indicador sintético que mide el grado de desarrollo de las universidades chilenas, valorando de forma cuantitativa las misiones (investigación y enseñanza) realizadas por las mismas. Se utiliza un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales resuelto a través de mínimos cuadrados parciales, analizando datos de 54 universidades de Chile, para el año 2017. Los resultados muestran que existen importantes diferencias entre universidades respecto del grado de desarrollo que presentan según la medición de la intensidad con que realizan las actividades de investigación y enseñanza. Se proponen medidas en el ámbito de las políticas públicas que apuntan a mejorar el sistema de educación universitaria y que ayudarían a reducir la brecha entre las universidades rezagadas y las que lideran el sistema.

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Internet growth has allowed unprecedented widespread access to cultural creation including music and lms, to knowledge, and to a wide range of consumer information. At the same time, it has become a huge source of business opportunities. Along with great benets that this access to the Internet provides, the open and free access to the Internet has encountered large opposition based on political, economical and ethical reasons. An ongoing battle over the control on Internet access has been escalating on all these fronts. In this paper we describe rst some of the ideological roots of free access to the Internet along with its main opponents. We then focus on the problem of Internet piracy and analyze the eciency of eorts to reduce the availability of copyrighted creations that are available for non-authorized free download.