The micronutrient vitamin A refers to a group of compounds with pleiotropic effects on human health. These molecules can modulate biological functions, including development, vision, and regulation of the intestinal barrier. The consequences of vitamin A deficiency and supplementation in children from developing countries have been explored for several years. These children live in an environment that is highly contaminated by enteropathogens, which can, in turn, influence vitamin A status. Vitamin A has been described to modulate gene expression, differentiation and function of diverse immune cells; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. This review aims to summarize the most updated advances on elucidating the vitamin A effects targeting intestinal immune and barrier functions, which may help in further understanding the burdens of malnutrition and enteric infections in children. Specifically, by covering both clinical and in vivo/in vitro data, we describe the effects of vitamin A related to gut immune tolerance/homeostasis, intestinal barrier integrity, and responses to enteropathogens in the context of the environmental enteric dysfunction. Some of the gaps in the literature that require further research are also highlighted.
Transtornos alimentares tendem a ocorrer entre mulheres jovens, colocando universitárias como grupo de risco. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o estado nutricional agregado à percepção da imagem corporal e ao comportamento alimentar de estudantes do sexo feminino do curso de Nutrição. Trata-se de estudo transversal, do tipo descritivo e analítico, com amostra aleatória representativa, que utilizou o índice de massa corporal (IMC) autorreferido; o Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ); o Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburg (BITE); e o Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Foram empregadas análises descritivas de média ± desvio padrão (DP) e frequências simples e relativas. Para a análise de diferenças estatísticas, utilizou-se a análise de variância (Anova), e o nível de significância entre os grupos foi determinado pelo teste de Turkey, com nível de significância p<0,05. As médias ± DP de idade e IMC foram 23 ± 4 anos e 23,39 ± 4,01, respectivamente. As prevalências foram: 46,14% apresentaram distorção da imagem corporal pelo BSQ; 9,62% tiveram risco de desenvolver distúrbios alimentares pelo EAT-26; e 15,38% expressaram comportamento alimentar anormal. Na população estudada, há grande preocupação com o corpo, o que demonstra influência da pressão sociocultural nesse grupo.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.30654
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