Resumo A relação entre humano e ambiente torna-se problema ético no século XX, quando a aceleração do desenvolvimento econômico e científico acompanhou profundas alterações nos sistemas ecológicos globais. A ética ambiental reivindicou limites na relação dicotômica homem/natureza. Em 1970, Van Potter propôs a bioética como espaço interdisciplinar para o estudo da “sobrevivência humana”. Nos anos seguintes, a disciplina restringiu-se a conflitos clínicos e hospitalares, afastando-se das questões da ética ambiental. Este artigo analisa o conceito de “bioética ambiental” como perspectiva teórica que acompanha um processo de resgate histórico da abordagem de Van Potter da bioética, caracterizado pela perspectiva das dimensões interpessoais, socioeconômicas e políticas dos dilemas éticos ambientais.
Objetivou-se avaliar a promoção do bem-estar de invertebrados usados em pesquisa por meio da sua representação no meio científico, divulgação das pesquisas e inclusão nos debates éticos. A análise atestou predomínio de abordagens biológicas, utilitaristas em animais de interesse médico e econômico, cuja incipiência de informações sobre as condições de obtenção, manipulação e experimentação comprometem a reprodutibilidade e desenvolvimento da área. Discutese a inclusão dos invertebrados nos debates éticos cuja reivindicação de normatizações e proteção, demanda a instrumentalização do pesquisador em busca pela excelência técnica e ética no planejamento, execução e divulgação de sua pesquisa a fim de fortalecer o contrato social e cientifico gerador de benéficos para ciência e para qualidade de vida do animal. Palavras-chave: bioética, ética animal, especismo, invertebrados, integridade na pesquisaNuestro objetivo fue evaluar la promoción del bienestar de invertebrados utilizados en la investigación a través de su representación en la comunidad científica, la difusión de las investigaciones y la inclusión en los debates éticos. El análisis arrojó como resultado el predominio de los enfoques biológicos, utilitaristas en animales de interés médico y económico, cuya insipiencia de informaciones sobre las condiciones de obtención, manipulación y experimentación comprometen la reproducibilidad y desarrollo del área. Se discute la inclusión de los invertebrados en los debates éticos cuya reivindicación de normas y protección, demanda la instrumentalización del investigador en busca de la excelencia técnica y ética en la planificación, ejecución y difusión de sus investigaciones, con el fin de fortalecer el contrato social y científico generador de beneficios para la ciencia y para la calidad de vida del animal.Palabras clave: bioética, ética animal, especismo, invertebrados, integridad en la investigación.We aimed to evaluate the promotion of the welfare of invertebrates used in research through their representation in the scientific community, the dissemination of research and inclusion in ethical debates. The analysis resulted in the predominance of biological, utilitarian approaches in animals of medical and economic interest, whose incipience of information on the conditions of collecting, manipulation, and experimentation compromise the reproducibility and development of the area. It is discussed the inclusion of the invertebrates in the ethics debates, whose claim for standards and protection, demands the exploitation of the researcher in search of technical and ethical excellence in the planning, execution and dissemination of his research to strengthen the social and scientific contract generator of benefits to science and to the animal's quality of life.
Perceptions of nature depend on experiences relating to biodiversity, thus this study investigated the representation of invertebrates in different sections of Brazilian society by means of a questionnaire available from March to December 2015 as a resource in terms of the conservation of nature and human health in order to design an ethical values guide for this relationship. This study tested the hypotheses that there are differences in the conception and representation: a) associated with gender, educational level, use of animals in vocational training, tutoring, and housing area; b) according to the role assigned to invertebrates as a resource, including in conservation and health; and c) that the different representations result in different value assignments used to intermediate decisions on how, when, and why to use invertebrates. Thus, through quantitative and cross-sectional research, our objective was to identify the popular representation of invertebrates. The analysis of the results of an online questionnaire with 281 respondents showed definitions and concepts that were predominantly similar to the tested variables, which suggests that the present study provides evidence for the understanding of the ecological importance of the invertebrates, the belief in their sentience, and disagreement with the substitutive use of vertebrates in experimentation. However, the naturalistic and ecological positions regarding nature prevailed, indicating the persistence of utilitarian values. The results cast interpretive clues that the only by cooperation between education and environmental bioethics will possible the confluence of values and interests of animals and human in favor of a critical, ethical, and sustainable society.
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