Bem-estar em Invertebrados: um parâmetro ético de responsabilidade científica e social da pesquisa?

Abstract

Objetivou-se avaliar a promoção do bem-estar de invertebrados usados em pesquisa por meio da sua representação no meio científico, divulgação das pesquisas e inclusão nos debates éticos. A análise atestou predomínio de abordagens biológicas, utilitaristas em animais de interesse médico e econômico, cuja incipiência de informações sobre as condições de obtenção, manipulação e experimentação comprometem a reprodutibilidade e desenvolvimento da área. Discutese a inclusão dos invertebrados nos debates éticos cuja reivindicação de normatizações e proteção, demanda a instrumentalização do pesquisador em busca pela excelência técnica e ética no planejamento, execução e divulgação de sua pesquisa a fim de fortalecer o contrato social e cientifico gerador de benéficos para ciência e para qualidade de vida do animal. Palavras-chave: bioética, ética animal, especismo, invertebrados, integridade na pesquisaNuestro objetivo fue evaluar la promoción del bienestar de invertebrados utilizados en la investigación a través de su representación en la comunidad científica, la difusión de las investigaciones y la inclusión en los debates éticos. El análisis arrojó como resultado el predominio de los enfoques biológicos, utilitaristas en animales de interés médico y económico, cuya insipiencia de informaciones sobre las condiciones de obtención, manipulación y experimentación comprometen la reproducibilidad y desarrollo del área. Se discute la inclusión de los invertebrados en los debates éticos cuya reivindicación de normas y protección, demanda la instrumentalización del investigador en busca de la excelencia técnica y ética en la planificación, ejecución y difusión de sus investigaciones, con el fin de fortalecer el contrato social y científico generador de beneficios para la ciencia y para la calidad de vida del animal.Palabras clave: bioética, ética animal, especismo, invertebrados, integridad en la investigación.We aimed to evaluate the promotion of the welfare of invertebrates used in research through their representation in the scientific community, the dissemination of research and inclusion in ethical debates. The analysis resulted in the predominance of biological, utilitarian approaches in animals of medical and economic interest, whose incipience of information on the conditions of collecting, manipulation, and experimentation compromise the reproducibility and development of the area. It is discussed the inclusion of the invertebrates in the ethics debates, whose claim for standards and protection, demands the exploitation of the researcher in search of technical and ethical excellence in the planning, execution and dissemination of his research to strengthen the social and scientific contract generator of benefits to science and to the animal's quality of life.

Métodos Alternativos Ao Uso De Animais Como Recurso Didático: Um Novo Paragima Bioético Para O Ensino Da Zoologia

“…Justamente o viés bem-estarista legitima a utilização dos animais, mesmo condicionada à determinadas regras. De fato, é possível encontrar, no meio científico nacional, além de críticas aos 3R e à DBCA (VILLIERS; SOMMERVILLE, 2005), pesquisas que sugerem a promoção do bem-estar animal como conduta de integridade na pesquisa (FISCHER et al, 2016;SANTOS, 2017;BROOM;MOLENTO, 2004;REGAN, 2006;RIVERA, 2006;HÖTZEL;MACHADO-FILHO, 2004).…”

O papel da bioética nas comissões de ética animal

“…Fischer and collaborators 15 emphasised that institutional support is essential both to provide Ceua's operating structure and to support its decisions, even when they counteract economic interests involved in projects already approved by development agencies, for example. However, the legislative incongruity with regard to the use of experimental animals, the absence of standardisation for other uses, such as feeding or control, and the protection extended only to vertebrates, leaving out 95% of the fauna 24 , confuse the researcher and delay the understanding of why to be ethical with animals.…”

Ethical Conduct with Invertebrate Animals: Routes for Inclusive, Humanitarian, and Sustainable Education

“…However, in Brazil, despite the faunal diversity, entomophagy is just beginning to be associated with diseases. Although Fischer and Santos 41 warned that despite the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Agency (ONU) encouraging the consumption of insects as a renewable natural protein alternative that is beneficial for humans, environmental health, and the economy, 51 the increased confinement of invertebrates could potentially increase the vulnerability of animals that may have their welfare compromised in the absence of maintenance and slaughter protocols that consider their biological needs. Costa-Neto 42 also emphasized the importance of the development of management and production techniques in the confinement system, aimed at reducing the impact of collection pressure and maximizing production.…”

“…49 This culminates in the "insecticide culture", 24 where just over 10 species of potentially dangerous arachnids in a world of more than 40,000 species can lead to anexaggerated extermination, enhanced by the pest control market, compromising the conservation of species important to the ecosystem. 24,41 This is a delicate issue according to Fischer et al 13 because people should be oriented towards prevention and control; however, they should also promote sustainable actions for conservation. For example, Fischer and Gang 52 identified clear vulnerabilities, both in animals and in people, resulting from the control of the giant African snail.…”