O estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, objetivou investigar o relacionamento intergeracional e as práticas de apoio presentes no cotidiano de famílias de crianças com necessidades especiais. Participaram do estudo cinco mães, avós e irmãos mais velhos de crianças com deficiência, que responderam a roteiros de entrevistas semiestruturadas. As entrevistas foram analisadas qualitativamente por meio da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Verificou-se que as avós apresentam-se como importante fonte de apoio à família ao dedicarem, inclusive, atenção e cuidado ao irmão da criança com necessidades especiais. O estudo revela um relacionamento intergeracional positivo entre avós e netos. Destaca-se a necessidade de direcionar maior atenção especializada a esses membros da família e para a continuidade de investigação sobre o tema.

No abstract

SUMMARYStrongyloidiasis is a potentially serious infection in immunocompromised patients. Thus, the availability of sensitive and specific diagnostic methods is desirable, especially in the context of immunosuppressed patients in whom the diagnosis and treatment of strongyloidiasis is of utmost importance. In this study, serological and molecular tools were used to diagnose Strongyloides stercoralis infections in immunosuppressed patients. Serum and stool samples were obtained from 52 patients. Stool samples were first analyzed by Lutz, Rugai, and Agar plate culture methods, and then by a quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Serum samples were evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a soluble (AS) or a membrane fractions antigen (AM) obtained from alkaline solutions of the filariform larvae of Strongyloides venezuelensis. Of the 52 immunosuppressed patients, three (5.8%) were positive for S. stercoralis by parasitological methods, compared to two patients (3.8%) and one patient (1.9%) who were detected by ELISA using the AS and the AM antigens, respectively. S. stercoralis DNA was amplified in seven (13.5%) stool samples by qPCR. These results suggest the utility of qPCR as an alternative diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection in immunocompromised patients, considering the possible severity of this helminthiasis in this group of patients.

IFA can be used as a screening method for the detection of S. stercoralis in immunocompromised patients.

Editor Científico: Tonny Kerley de Alencar Rodrigues Artigo recebido em 04/08/2017. Última versão recebida em 18/09/2017. Aprovado em 19/09/2017. Avaliado pelo sistema Triple Review: a) Desk Review pelo Editor-Chefe; e b) Double Blind Review (avaliação cega por dois avaliadores da área).

The different forms of behavior among generations influence the quality of family relationships, which allow the individual to build, to develop and to achieve himself as a social being. This study aimed to identify the experience of the grandmothers and the mothers of families of children with intellectual disabilities, regarding their everyday life, the support and the intergenerationality practices. The exploratory study of qualitative approach had the participation of six mothers and grandmothers of six children / adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Semi-structured interviews scripts were used to collect the data. The main results showed that support practices exercised within the family are part of the grandparents' daily lives and represent an important source of support for mothers and their grandchildren. In addition, the study pointed out the importance of the intergenerational relationships in view of the benefits produced by the same for both the generations involved. Considering the heterogeneity of Brazilian families, yet it is pointed out to the need for further intergenerational studies that focus on the opinion of different generations in different locations and contexts.

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has worldwide distribution and is considered endemic in southwestern Japan. HTLV-1 infection has been associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) besides other diseases. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors and molecular characterization of HTLV-1, among the world’s largest population of Japanese immigrants and their descendants outside of Japan, in São Paulo, Southeast Brazil, as well as to analyze the phylogenetic relationship among isolates of HTLV-1. From July to December 2017, 2,139 individuals from five Japanese associations were interviewed and submitted to blood collection. All serum samples were first tested for the presence of anti-HTLV-1/2 antibodies by ELISA and then peripheral blood from individuals with positive serological results were analyzed for the presence of HTLV-1 5’LTR proviral DNA. Partial sequencing of the 5’LTR region of HTLV-1 proviral DNA was performed by Sanger. The prevalence of HTLV-1 infection was 5.1% (CI 95%: 4.2–6.0). In the multiple logistic regression model, HTLV-1 infection was associated with age ≥ 45 years, female sex, being first and second-generation Japanese immigrants, and having sexual partners with history of blood transfusion. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all HTLV-1 were classified as Cosmopolitan (1a) subtype. Of them, 47.8% were classified as Transcontinental (A) subgroup and 52.2% as belonging to the Japanese (B) subgroup. Although most HTLV-1-infected patients were asymptomatic (97.3%), blurred vision was associated with HTLV-1 infection. The high prevalence of HTLV-1 infection found in this studied population and especially the intra- and interfamily HTLV-1 transmission presents an urgent call for preventive and control responses of this infection in Brazil.

O aumento da expectativa de vida e a diminuição da natalidade têm feito com que por um período de tempo mais longo as gerações possam interagir e se relacionar. Contudo, os efeitos dessa mudança contemporânea ainda têm sido alvo de poucos estudos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar a experiência de avós de crianças com deficiência intelectual e de crianças com desenvolvimento típico acerca do cotidiano e das práticas de apoio exercidas no contexto familiar e sobre a percepção do estresse dentre as participantes do estudo. O estudo qualitativo e comparativo contou com a participação de doze avós de crianças com deficiência intelectual ou de crianças com desenvolvimento típico. As avós foram separadas por dois grupos e responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada e a um instrumento de avaliação de estresse. Os resultados apontaram que as avós são importante fonte de ajuda às famílias, conferindo diferentes tipos de auxílio. Além disso, de acordo com o relato das avós, estas se encontram estressadas independentemente da condição do neto, se com deficiência ou não. Reforça-se a necessidade de estudos futuros que possam ampliar a compreensão acerca do cotidiano de avós, mensurar o estresse e identificar as fontes de apoio social recebidas.