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Gastrointestinal symptoms are the first signs of fluoride (F) toxicity. In the present study, the jejunum of rats chronically exposed to F was evaluated by proteomics, as well as by morphological analysis. Wistar rats received water containing 0, 10 or 50 mgF/L during 30 days. HuC/D, neuronal Nitric Oxide (nNOS), Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP), and Substance P (SP) were detected in the myenteric plexus of the jejunum by immunofluorescence. The density of nNOS-IR neurons was significantly decreased (compared to both control and 10 mgF/L groups), while the VIP-IR varicosities were significantly increased (compared to control) in the group treated with the highest F concentration. Significant morphological changes were seen observed in the density of HUC/D-IR neurons and in the area of SP-IR varicosities for F-treated groups compared to control. Changes in the abundance of various proteins correlated with relevant biological processes, such as protein synthesis, glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism were revealed by proteomics.

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The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of reusing intravaginal progesterone (P4) devices on the reproductive parameters in Santa Inês ewes. Females received intravaginal P4 devices for their first, second or third use for five days plus 300 IU eCG IM and 5mg dinoprost laterovulvar 24h before device removal. Blood was collected at different moments. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed from device removal to ovulation. Part of the ewes were submitted to artificial insemination by laparoscopy (IAL -n=55) with fresh semen, whereas the rest were bred by fertile rams (n=41). On the initial 18 h, ewes that received devices for the first time showed higher P4 concentrations (5.1±1.8 vs 3.5±1.4 vs 2.4±1.1 -P<0.05). However, after the first 48h no difference was observed among all treatments and P4 supraluteal concentrations were detected in all ewes upon device removal. Estrous response, interval from device removal to estrus, rate of ovulating animals, number of ovulations, time from device removal to ovulation and average conception rates after IAL or natural mating were similar among all 3 groups. Intravaginal progesterone devices can be used up to three times without altering reproductive parameters in Santa Inês ewes.Keywords: sheep, artificial insemination, CIDR, intravaginal progesterone insert, ovulation Palavras-chave: ovino, inseminação artificial, CIDR, dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona, ovulação RESUMO Avaliou-se a eficácia da reutilização de dispositivos intravaginais de progesterona (P4) sobre características reprodutivas em ovelhas Santa Inês. As fêmeas receberam dispositivos intravaginais contendo P4 para o seu primeiro, segundo ou terceiro uso por cinco dias, associado a 300 UI eCG IM e 5mg dinoprost laterovulvar 24h antes da remoção dos dispositivos. Ultrassonografia transretal foi realizada da remoção dos dispositivos até a ovulação. Parte das ovelhas foi submetida à inseminação artificial laparoscópica (IAL-n=55) com sêmen a fresco, enquanto outra parte foi acasalada por machos férteis (n=41). Nas 18 h iniciais, as ovelhas que receberam dispositivos pela primeira vez

No abstract

Ingested fluoride (F) is absorbed mainly in the small intestine, which is controlled by the Enteric Nervous System (ENS). Although important intestinal symptomatology has been described after excessive F exposure, there have been no studies reporting the effects of F on the ENS. In this study, the effects of chronic F exposure were evaluated on the duodenums of rats through proteomic and morphological analyses. Concentrations of 0, 10, or 50 ppm of F were applied to the drinking water for 30 days. Immunofluorescence techniques were performed in the myenteric plexus of the duodenum to detect HuC/D, neuronal nitric oxide (nNOS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), and substance P (SP). The 50 ppm F group presented a significant decrease in the density of nNOS-IR neurons. Significant morphological alterations were also observed in HUC/D-IR and nNOS-IR neurons; VIP-IR, CGRP-IR, and SP-IR varicosities for both groups (10 and 50 ppm F). Proteomic analysis of the duodenum demonstrated alterations in the expression of several proteins, especially those related to important biological processes, such as protein polymerization, which helps to explain the downregulation of many proteins upon exposure to 50 ppm of F.

-The objective of this study was to compare the effect of hormonal treatment duration through the use of intravaginal sponges impregnated with 60 mg MAP for 6 (G6; n = 10), 9 (G9; n = 10) or 12 (G12; n = 10) days. All nulliparous (n = 15) and lactating (n = 15) Saanen goats received 37.5 µg d-cloprostenol and 200 IU eCG 24 hours before sponge removal during the nonbreeding season. After sponge removal, estrus was monitored twice a day (06h00 and 18h00) by the use of fertile bucks. Transrectal ovarian ultrasonography was performed after device removal until ovulation detection. All goats were bred by artificial insemination (AI) or natural breeding (NB). All females received 250 IU hCG 5 d after AI or NB. No difference was observed among groups G6, G9 and G12 for: estrous response (90.0, 100.0 and 100.0%, respectively); interval from sponge removal to estrus (26.7±5.6, 25.2±2.8 and 25.2±3.3 hours), duration of estrus (28.5±7.1; 21.6±3.0 and 25.2±6.1 hours); ovulation rate (80.0, 100.0 and 70.0%); number of ovulations (1.9±0.2, 1.5±0.2 and 1.4±0.2); and pregnancy rate (60.0, 80.0 and 50.0%). Interval from sponge removal to ovulation was shorter in animals from G6 (44.6±2.2 hours) than for animals from G9 (52.8±2.7 hours) and G12 (60.0±4.5 hours). All treatments were effective in the induction of synchronized estrus in Saanen goats during the nonbreeding season, but ovulation occurred earlier when goats received sponges for 6 days.

No abstract