The goal of this study was to estimate the leaf area of Crotalaria juncea according to the linear dimensions of leaves from different ages. Two experiments were conducted with C. juncea cultivar IAC-KR1, in the 2014/2015 sowing seasons. At 59, 82, 102, 129 days after sowing (DAS) of the first and 61, 80, 92, 104 DAS of the second experiment, 500 leaves were collected, totaling 4,000 leaves. In each leaf, the linear dimensions were measured (length, width, length/width ratio and length × width product) and the specific leaf area was determined through Digimizer and Sigma Scan Pro software, after scanning images. Then, 3,200 leaves were randomly separated to generate mathematical models of leaf area (Y) in function of linear dimension (x), and 800 leaves for the models validation. In C. juncea, the leaf areas determined by Digimizer and Sigma Scan Pro software are identical. The estimation models of leaf area as a function of length × width product showed superior adjustments to those obtained based on the evaluation of only one linear dimension. The linear model Ŷ=0.7390x (R 2 =0.9849) of the real leaf area (Y) as a function of length × width product (x) is adequate to estimate the C. juncea leaf area.

No abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the sample size necessary to estimate the mean and coefficient of variation in four species of crotalarias (C. juncea, C. spectabilis, C. breviflora and C. ochroleuca). An experiment was carried out for each species during the season 2014/15. At harvest, 1,000 pods of each species were randomly collected. In each pod were measured: mass of pod with and without seeds, length, width and height of pods, number and mass of seeds per pod, and mass of hundred seeds. Measures of central tendency, variability and distribution were calculated, and the normality was verified. The sample size necessary to estimate the mean and coefficient of variation with amplitudes of the confidence interval of 95% (ACI95%) of 2%, 4%, ..., 20% was determined by resampling with replacement. The sample size varies among species and characters, being necessary a larger sample size to estimate the mean in relation of the necessary for the coefficient of variation.

The objective of this research was to determine the optimal plot size and the number of replications to evaluate the fresh matter of ryegrass sown to haul. Twenty uniformity trials were conducted, each trial with 16 basic experimental units (BEU) of 0.5 m2. At 117, 118 and 119 days after sowing, the fresh matter of ryegrass in the BEUs of 5, 10 and 5 uniformity trials, respectively, were determined. The optimal plot size was determined by the maximum curvature method of the variation coefficient model. Next, the replications number was determined in scenarios formed by combinations of i treatments (i = 3, 4, ... 50) and d minimum differences between means of treatments to be detected as significant at 5% of probability by the Tukey test, expressed in experimental mean percentage (d = 10, 11, ... 20%). The optimal plot size to determine the fresh matter of ryegrass seeded at the haul is 2.19 m2, with a variation coefficient of 9.79%. To identify as significant at 5% probability, by the Tukey test, differences between treatment means of 20%, are required five, six, seven and eight replications, respectively, in ryegrass experiments with up to 5, 10, 20 and 50 treatments.

The objective of this work was to determine the necessary sample size to estimate Pearson’s linear correlation coefficients of four species of crotalaria at precision levels. The experiment was carried out with Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria breviflora, and Crotalaria ochroleuca, during the 2014/2015 crop year. Eight crotalaria traits were evaluated in 1,000 randomly collected pods per species. For each species, the correlation coefficients were estimated for the 28 pairs of traits, and the sample size necessary to estimate the correlation coefficients was determined at four precision levels [0.10, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40 amplitudes of the 95% (CI95%) confidence interval] by resampling with replacement. The sample size varies between crotalaria species and, especially, between pairs of traits, as a function of the magnitude of the correlation coefficient. At a certain precision level, the smallest sample size is required to estimate the correlation coefficients between highly correlated traits and vice-versa. To estimate the correlation coefficients with CI95% of 0.20, 10 to 440 pods are required, depending on the species, pairs of traits, and magnitude of the correlation coefficient.

No abstract

The rice cultivar BRS AG (Oryza sativa L.) is a cereal developed to serve as a raw material for ethanol production or animal feed, contributing to an increasing energy demand and the economic sustainability of the rice sector. However, only few studies have reported this new cultivar. As proteomic analysis is crucial in understanding the physiological and adaptive behavior of BRS AG rice leaves under biotic and abiotic stresses, the present study compared the following three precipitation protocols for the protein extraction of leaf tissue in two‐dimensional electrophoresis analysis: phenol method, trichloroacetic acid‐acetone method, and a third method developed in our laboratory (BIOPRO). The efficiency and repeatability of the protein extraction protocols were evaluated by two‐dimensional electrophoresis analysis. Our results indicate that the BIOPRO protocol was the most efficient in protein extraction as compared to the efficiency of other protocols. We detected a greater amount of protein (15.44 μg/μL) and 414 spots, and the BIOPRO protocol provided the best results regarding reproducibility, focusing, resolved spots, the intensity of spots, and single spot detection. This novel protocol is useful for extracting high‐quality proteins from leaves and presents an efficient removal of contaminants, which is directly linked to a better resolution for two‐dimensional electrophoresis analysis.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a influência da psicomotricidade relacional nas relações afetivas entre crianças durante aulas de educação física de uma turma da Educação Infantil. Vários teóricos subsidiaram a construção deste trabalho, tais como Lapierre, Aucouturier, Le Boulch, Negrine, dentre outros. Tais autores fundamentam a ideia de que o jogo simbólico e espontâneo contribui para as interações entre as crianças e destas com o estagiário/professor, a partir das quais emergem os conflitos inconscientes que poderão ser trabalhados na mediação pedagógica. Tal investigação, de cunho qualitativo, teve como participantes alunos de uma turma de segundo período da Educação Infantil em uma escola da rede pública de ensino do Distrito Federal. Foi utilizado como instrumento de pesquisa a observação participante. Os resultados indicam que o uso de objetos dispostos durante as sessões conjuntamente com a mediação pedagógica relacional do estagiário/professor oportunizaram as crianças a expressão de sentimentos não manifestos anteriormente, tanto na relação entre elas quanto com o estagiário e a professora de sala. Através da linguagem corporal e verbal foram desencadeadas pulsões agressivas reprimidas foram, expressão de domínio, dependência fusional, dentre outras. Os problemas afetivos-relacionais das crianças receberam suporte e acolhimento nas sessões, contribuindo para que elas pudessem caminhar ao encontro da resolução dos seus conflitos inconscientes. Conclui-se que a prática de intervenções psicomotoras propulsoras de relações afetivas contribuiu para as crianças tanto no sentido do desenvolvimento integral quanto na formação pessoal, além de ter permitido também que fosse explorada a dimensão do prazer de brincar, que é uma prática pouco explorada pelos professores. Por fim, possibilitou compreender aspectos importantes da função do professor diante da criança e a liberdade que deve ser dada a ela para a expressão dos seus conteúdos psíquicos que são um dos fatores que determinam os processos de socialização.