During the 1920s, the Colombian economy experienced the highest growth rate in its history. The economic reforms of 1923 (central bank, gold standard, banking legislation, fiscal reorganization), a coffee boom, and an unprecedented influx of foreign capital were the driving forces behind this success. The loans obtained by 1929 amounted to 257 million dollars. Those funds were used mainly to build much needed infrastructure, particularly railroads. In this paper, we estimate the rates of return of the investments made in Colombian railroads during the period 1924-1950. We consider that Colombia ended up paying only around 85% of the loans obtained in the 1920s, owing to the suspension of foreign debt payments; as a result, the profitability in the construction of railways was higher. The rates of return on the railroads constructed and extended in the 1920s are comparable to those obtained for European countries in the nineteenth century.
ResumenEn este documento presentamos una radiografía sobre el uso del efectivo y de las tarjetas débito y crédito en Colombia, haciendo énfasis en la evolución histórica de su utilización. También se discuten algunos factores que explican el alto uso del efectivo que persiste en el país. Adicionalmente, haciendo uso del primer Estudio de Demanda de Banca de las Oportunidades (2015), realizamos un ejercicio probabilístico para identificar los principales determinantes de la demanda de cuentas de depósito y de crédito por parte de los hogares colombianos. Clasificación JEL: E41; D12; L81. Palabras Clave: Efectivo; Medios de pago transaccionales; Modelos probabilísticos.
En este reporte se exponen los resultados de la Encuesta sobre la situación actual del microcrédito en Colombia del tercer trimestre de 2022. Esta encuesta fue diseñada por el Departamento de Estabilidad Financiera del Banco de la República, junto con Asomicrofinanzas, con el fin de conocer la percepción que tienen las entidades que realizan actividades de intermediación de microcrédito, incluyendo las que no son supervisadas por la Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia (SFC). Los objetivos de esta encuesta son indagar acerca del cambio en la percepción de oferta y demanda del mercado de microcrédito, la evolución de las políticas de asignación, y evaluar, en particular, el riesgo de crédito de las entidades. De igual forma, se consulta sobre la frecuencia de prácticas relacionadas con reestructuraciones de microcrédito, venta de cartera y castigo de las deudas vencidas. Por último, se presentan los resultados de la pregunta coyuntural, que en esta versión de la encuesta indaga sobre el estado actual y expectativas de la cartera de microcrédito cuya destinación son actividades del sector agropecuario, además de analizar las dinámicas propias que sobre este sector tienen las entidades en cuanto a asistencia técnica, metodología crediticia y garantías.
During the 1920s, the Colombian economy experienced the highest rate of growth in its history. The economic reforms of 1923 (the central bank, gold standard, banking legislation, fiscal reorganization), the coffee boom, and the unprecedented influx of foreign capital were the driving forces behind this success. During that decade, the country received 25 million dollars from the United States as compensation for its role in the separation of Panama from Colombia. Those reforms and the growth in coffee exports also allowed for an enormous increase in foreign loans. The value of the loans obtained by 1929 came to 257 million dollars. Those funds were used mainly to build much needed public infrastructure, particularly railroads. Approximately 45% of the foreign loans during that period were invested in railroad construction. Additionally, 16 of the 25 million dollars received as reparation for Panama were invested in railroads. In this paper, we estimate the global rate of return and the internal rates of return on individual railroads. For those calculations, we consider that Colombia ended up paying only around 85% of the loans obtained in the 1920s's, owing to the effects of the Great Depression and the suspension of foreign debt payments . The rates of return on the railroads constructed and extended in the 1920´s are comparable to those obtained for European countries in the nineteenth century.
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