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III.

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Although most outcomes were equally good, important differences between obstetrician and nurse-midwife care remained after multivariate analysis.

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Nitrous oxide labor analgesia is safe for the mother, fetus, and neonate and can be made safe for caregivers. It is simple to administer, does not interfere with the release and function of endogenous oxytocin, and has no adverse effects on the normal physiology and progress of labor.