During the last three decades, the remarkable dynamic features of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), and advances in solid-state electronics hold much potential for the fabrication of extremely sensitive charge sensors. These sensors have a broad range of applications, such as those involving the measurement of ionization radiation, detection of bio-analyte and aerosol particles, mass spectrometry, scanning tunneling microscopy, and quantum computation. Designing charge sensors (also known as charge electrometers) for electrometry is deemed significant because of the sensitivity and resolution issues in the range of micro- and nano-scales. This article reviews the development of state-of-the-art micro- and nano-charge sensors, and discusses their technological challenges for practical implementation.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is the utilization of the radio frequency for the purpose of identification. RFID is lagging behind due to vendor specific solutions and excessive implementation cost. A Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) compatible IEEE 802.11 RFID tag can overcome these limitations. IEEE 802.11 utilizes Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) technique and a matched filter is a vital block in a DSSS system. A low-power and low-area novel adder-less Barker matched filter is proposed in this paper by eliminating the conventional multiple multiplications. The matched filter designed in 0.18 mm CMOS technology achieves average and maximum power consumption of 33.747 mW and 8.08 mW, respectively and chip area of 0.41184 mm 2 only. The simulation result shows the correct matching of data against the threshold value. Compared with the conventional matched filter, the design achieves 25% power reduction (maximum power) and 51% chip area reduction. Therefore, the design will help to implement a low-power matched filter for IEEE 801.11 compatible RFID tag.
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