Tooth loss was found to be a risk indicator for CHD.

The present study showed the importance of physical activity practice in the preoperative stage on the outcomes of coronary artery bypass surgery. The patients physically active had a shorter hospital length of stay and a lower number of both trans- and postoperative complications within 1 year. The cardiac surgery promoted the patients' change of habits, increasing the number of physically active patients during the 1-year follow-up.

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Impacto da cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio na cessação do tabagismoImpact of coronary artery bypass graft surgery in smoking cessation Abstract Background: Tobacco use is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Few studies have investigated the frequency of smoking cessation among patients submitted to heart surgery.Objective: To determine the frequency of smoking cessation in patients submitted to coronary artery bypass graft surgery.Methods: In this cohort study, 203 consecutive patients, aged above 18, submitted to coronary artery bypass graft surgery in the period from January 2006 to March 2007, were interviewed in relation to the use of cigarettes in the pre-and postoperative period. Smokers were stratified according to the levels of nicotine dependence with the use of Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Test. They were followed as outpatients during 60 and 90 days for the occurrence of smoking.Results: The mean age of the group was 62 ± 10 years, and 134 (66%) were male. 80PIETROBON, RC ET AL-Impact of coronary artery bypass graft surgery in smoking cessation Bras Cir Cardiovasc 2010; 25(1): 79-84 Rev

Efeito da atividade física de lazer no prognóstico da cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdioEffect of leisure-time physical activity on the prognosis of coronary artery bypass graft surgery Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in the early outcome of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).Methods: This prospective cohort study analyzed 202 patients submitted to CABG. The patients were assigned to two groups, active or sedentary, according to the practice of LTPA in the preoperative period. The independent variable LTPA practiced by the patients in the previous year of the surgery was evaluated. The occurrence of the major adverse cardiac events as death, acute myocardial infarction, reoperation and the hospital stay after surgery were planned to be evaluated.Results: The mean age of patients was 62 ± 10 years, and 134 (66%) were men. Sixty-six (33%) patients practiced LTPA and were classified as active, and 136 (67%) were sedentary. The active group showed 78% less probability (OR= 0 . 74NERY, RM -Effect of leisure-time physical activity on the prognosis of coronary artery bypass graft surgery Bras Cir Cardiovasc 2010; 25(1): 73-78 impairment that could impair the accomplishment of the walking test were also excluded. Rev

Influência da atividade física no tempo livre em pacientes no seguimento de até dois anos após CRMInfluence of physical activity during leisure time in patients in the two-year follow-up period after CABG 360MARTINI, MR ET AL -Influence of physical activity during leisure time in patients in the two-year follow-up period after CABG Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc 2010; 25(3): 359-364 b) Development of pathologic Q waves; c) Coronary intervention (e.g. percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty);When patients had more than one event, the most severe was considered for analysis. EthicsThe study complied with the standards of Helsinki, and it was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at the institutions where the study was conducted and we obtained the patients' consent.

UpdateCurrently, a series of diagnostic tests are available for investigating syncopal episodes. However, in approximately 30% of patients with syncope, the extensive investigations fail to reveal a definite etiology. Recent evidence suggests that a significant portion of these patients may suffer from psychiatric illnesses that lead to recurrent syncope. In the present review, the authors discuss the relationship between medically undetermined syncope and psychiatric illnesses, such as major depression, panic, anxiety and somatization disorders. The patients most likely to develop syncope as a result of psychiatric illnesses are primarily women under the age of 40 years, with multiple previous syncopal episodes and marked presyncopal symptomatology. Although psychiatric syncope should be considered an exclusion diagnosis, it should be remembered, as the referral to a specialist for the institution of a therapy targeting the baseline disease leads to a better prognosis and decreases the occurrence of syncopal episodes.Syncope is defined as a sudden and transient loss of both consciousness and postural tone, with subsequent complete and spontaneous recovery, which does not require cardiopulmonary resuscitation 1 . It is the clinical result of the critical and transient decrease of blood flow to the neurons responsible for maintaining consciousness 2 .Syncope is a frequent condition, accounting for 1% to 6% of all hospital admissions and for 3% of the visits to the emergency department in the United States 3 . In the Framingham Study 4 , which evaluated a cohort study of more than 5,000 patients during 26 years of follow-up, Savage et al suggest that approximately 3% of the population will experience a syncopal episode during their lives. The incidence of this condition can be even higher, approaching 37%, if young patients are evaluated. The prevalence of syncope increases with age, ranging from 0.7% in individuals between 35 and 44 years of age to 5.6% in individuals ≥ 5 years of age. In this same age group, the annual incidence is 6%, with a recurrence rate of 30% 5 . Neurocardiogenic syncope, triggered by the stimulation of intramyocardial receptors, has been recognized as the most frequent, accounting for 50% of the diagnoses 2,6 . The situational syncopes (postmicturition, cough, swallowing or defecation), as well as the carotid sinus syncope, are also neurally mediated. Other possible causes include heart diseases (obstruction and arrhythmias), neurologic diseases (stroke, seizures) and those related to drug use or metabolic disorders (use of vasodilators and hypoglycemia). Thus, the causes of syncope range from benign conditions to potentially fatal diseases. However, in spite of the use of multiple diagnostic tests, in approximately 30% of the patients, a defined etiology for the syncopal episodes is still lacking 7 .Psychiatric illnesses have been underestimated as possible causes of syncope. Actually, results of 3 cohort studies published in the early 80s ( fig. 1) show psychiatric diseases accounting fo...

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