I analyze two instances of linguistic variation in Brazilian Portuguese: the occurrence of ter 'to have' or haver 'there is/are' in existential constructions, and the use of de 'of' or em 'in' in prepositional phrases with adjectival function. Exploring Kato's (2005) proposal, I argue that ter/haver variation is a reflection of the competition between two grammars, with sociolinguistic motivations, while de/em variation results from morphosyntatic procedures within an only grammar.
This paper shows that some properties of possessive and existential sentences in Brazilian Portuguese can be properly explained if the possessive-existential verb ter 'have' is derived by the combination of the features associated with estar 'be' and the features corresponding to the comitative preposition com 'with'. I will concentrate on the following facts: (i) the thematic parallelism between ter-and estar com-clauses in possessive and existential domains; (ii) the restrict interpretation of null possessors in ter-constructions; and (iii) the emergence of ter as an existential verb in Brazilian Portuguese, but not in European Portuguese. * For helpful comments and suggestions, I would like to thank Jairo Nunes, Ana Claudia Bastos, Dinah Callou, and Margaret Anne Clarke. The results presented here are part of two research projects financed by FAPESP (grants 2006/03852-4 and 2006/00965-2).
The aim of this paper is twofold: (i) to analyze the use of the verbs ter and haver in the history of Portuguese and, more specifically, in a recent stage of Brazilian Portuguese, in which the possessive ter is used as an existential verb; and (ii) to discuss some properties involving ter and haver in possessive and existential domains, in both European and Brazilian Portuguese, pointing to the possibility of verbal agreement with ter/haver-existential constructions. Exploring results from previous analyses it is shown that some properties of existential constructions, in contemporary Brazilian Portuguese, can derive from changes involving subject position, related to the weakening of flectional paradigm.
Este artigo traz um panorama descritivo sobre a complementação direcional dos verbos de movimento em afro-variedades de português e espanhol. O estudo se ocupa de amostras da África e da América Latina para mapear contrastes envolvendo o uso de preposições. As afro-variedades serão caracterizadas quanto a estratégias conservadoras e inovadoras de complementação, a partir do estudo de Gonçalves (2010) para o português de Moçambique. Nas amostras analisadas, as afro-variedades de português se mostram mais inovadoras que as do espanhol, apresentando padrões que não são usuais nas variedades ibéricas.
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