OBJECTIVE -The International Diabetes Mellitus Practice Study is a 5-year survey documenting changes in diabetes treatment practice in developing regions.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors for achieving A1C Ͻ7% in 11,799 patients (1,898 type 1 diabetic and 9,901 type 2 diabetic) recruited by 937 physicians from 17 countries in Eastern Europe (n ϭ 3,519), Asia (n ϭ 5,888), Latin America (n ϭ 2,116), and Africa (n ϭ 276).RESULTS -Twenty-two percent of type 1 diabetic and 36% of type 2 diabetic patients never had A1C measurements. In those with values for A1C, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol, 7.5% of type 1 diabetic (n ϭ 696) and 3.6% of type 2 diabetic (n ϭ 3,896) patients attained all three recommended targets (blood pressure Ͻ130/80 mmHg, LDL cholesterol Ͻ100 mg/dl, and A1C Ͻ7%). Selfmonitoring of blood glucose was the only predictor for achieving the A1C goal in type 1 diabetes (odds ratios: Asia 2.24, Latin America 3.55, and Eastern Europe 2.42). In type 2 diabetes, short disease duration (Asia 0.97, Latin America 0.97, and Eastern Europe 0.82) and treatment with few oral glucose-lowering drugs (Asia 0.64, Latin America 0.76, and Eastern Europe 0.62) were predictors. Other region-specific factors included lack of microvascular complications and old age in Latin America and Asia; health insurance coverage and specialist care in Latin America; lack of obesity and self-adjustment of insulin dosages in Asia; and training by a diabetes educator, self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients who self-adjusted insulin, and lack of macrovascular complications in Eastern Europe.CONCLUSIONS -In developing countries, factors pertinent to patients, doctors, and health care systems all impact on glycemic control.
Diabetes Care 32:227-233, 2009A lthough optimizing diabetes care reduces death and complication rates (1-3), multiple barriers hinder turning evidence into practice (4,5). Most diabetic patients reside in developing countries (6) where standardized data on quality of care is relatively scarce. The International Diabetes Management Practices Study (IDMPS) is an ongoing observational survey to collect, analyze, and disseminate data in a standardized manner. By documenting changes in practices over time in a broad range of health care settings, we aim to raise awareness and identify barriers to quality diabetes care. Other objectives include evaluation of clinical progress, levels of compliance, attainment of treatment targets, and rates of hospitalization and work absenteeism. This analysis of the first-year survey examines factors predictive of glycemic control.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -There are five waves in this 5-year study, each consisting of a 2-week cross-sectional and a 9-month longitudinal survey. A 3-month interval separates the end of the longitudinal survey and the start of the next wave. Study design and reporting format are in accordance with the recommended STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guideline...