No abstract

We report on the first case of fatal septicemia caused byBordetella hinzii. The causative organism exhibited a biochemical profile identical to that of Bordetella aviumwith three commercial identification systems (API 20E, API 20 NE, and Vitek GNI+ card). However, its cellular fatty acid profile was not typical for either B. avium or previously reported strains of B. hinzii. Presumptive identification of the patient's isolate was accomplished by traditional biochemical testing, and definitive identification was achieved by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Phenotypic features useful in distinguishing B. hinzii from B. avium were production of alkali from malonate and resistance to several antimicrobial agents.

Fourteen species of fungus were isolated from the lower digestive tract of 39 of 80 pigeons. Sixteen pigeons had concurrent isolations while two harbored three species. Fungi isolated were Allescheria boydii, Aspergillus spp., Candida krusei, Chrysosporium spp., Geotrichum candidum, Mucor spp., Paeciliomyces spp., Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp., Rhodotorula spp., Scopulariopsis spp., Streptomyces spp., and Trichosporon cutaneum. There was no apparent evidence that these fungi were associated with clinical disease in any of the pigeons.

RESUMENSe consiguieron identificar 23 aislamientos de Gallibacterium anatis, a través de pruebas convencionales de cultivo y bioquímicas, confirmándose su identificación a través del método de PCR. Se les efectuó la prueba de difusión en placa para determinar la resistencia antimicrobiana a los antibióticos más utilizados en el área avícola. Los aislamientos fueron más susceptibles a ceftiofur (73 %) y florfenicol (68 %); todos los aislamientos mostraron resistencia marcada a penicilina, tilosina, lincomicina, ampicilina, enrofloxacina, oxitetraciclina, norfloxacina y cefalexina. La presencia de Gallibacterium anatis se asocia a problemas respiratorios y reproductivos en las poblaciones de gallinas de postura comercial. Los aislamientos mostraron una resistencia marcada a distintos antibióticos, probablemente por la medicación desmedida ante la presencia de este microorganismo. PALABRAS CLAVE: Gallibacterium anatis, PCR, Resistencia, Susceptibilidad, Antimicrobianos. ABSTRACTIt was able to identify 23 isolates of Gallibacterium anatis through conventional culture and biochemical tests, and identification confirmed through PCR method. A disk diffusion test determined antimicrobial resistance to commonly used antibiotics in the poultry area. Isolates were more susceptible to ceftiofur (73 %) and florfenicol (68 %). All isolates showed marked resistance to penicillin, tylosin, lincomycin, ampicillin, enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, norfloxacin and cephalexin. The presence of Gallibacterium anatis is associated with respiratory and reproductive problems in populations of commercial laying hens. Isolates showed marked resistance to different antibiotics, probably due to excessive medication in the presence of this organism.

Identification of the predominant circulating biovars is important for controlling Gallibacterium anatis infections in poultry because efficient protection is based on the use of biovar-specific immunogens. Twenty-three isolates of Gallibacterium anatis were recovered from commercial laying hens with respiratory and reproductive clinical signs. Bacteria were identified as G. anatis based on morphology, biochemistry, and PCR testing. Biochemical analyses identified the isolates as biovar 6 which had not previously been reported in Sonora, México. Therefore, the recent finding of biovar type 6 could explain clinical presentations of this disease in immunized commercial laying flocks in Sonora.