Influencia de hongos endomicorrízicos en el crecimiento de (Tabebuia donnell-smithii Rose) Influence of endomycorrhizal fungi on the growth of (Tabebuia donnell-smithii Rose)
The uncertainty caused by social conflicts reflects serious problems of governance, which can have severe economic consequences. Currently, mining companies worldwide tend to adopt reactive approaches towards social demands, which can easily evolve into social conflicts. The risk of social disruption could be minimized if companies take preventive actions, adopting sound social management policies. To do so, the social and environmental conditions of each particular operation need considerable evaluation and planning. Positive results would translate into secure investments and social peace, ultimately resulting in positive economic development in the region. Social conflicts in the mining industry have caused millions of dollars in losses due to production delays, redesign of projects, damage to equipment, and even the closing of operations. Additionally, prior to the development of any mining project, companies are responsible for obtaining approval from local communities (the social license to operate-SLTO). In order to secure a new SLTO, companies often use corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies to deal with existing and potential social conflict situations. However, current CSR strategies are limited by the inability to quantify risk. There is therefore a need for a socioeconomic risk index that considers quantifiable factors that can be used to effectively manage and mitigate social risk. In the present study, competition for the use of water, land, and labour were identified as the major causes of social conflict around mining operations. Competition can be subdivided by consumption of strategic resources and by the level of interaction between mining operations and local communities. Index value results have been analysed and compared using real case scenarios from eight gold mining operations around the world. This study is intended to present a new alternative to measure socioeconomic risk in order to prevent feasibility and financial failure of future mining investments.
Objetivo: Evaluar el crecimiento de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf mediante la asignación de biomasa en sus componentes del rendimiento y el contenido de N y P en tejido vegetal al biofertilizar la semilla con Rhizophagus intraradices y aplicar dosis de fertilización inorgánica.
Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se evaluó la interacción entre R. intraradices y dosis de fertilización en el crecimiento de B. decumbens Stapf en un suelo regosol, con seis tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones en diseño bloques al azar. Se realizaron cuatro muestreos destructivos cada 28 d para determinar biomasa, y al final contenido de N y P.
Resultados. El crecimiento inicial de B. decumbens Stapf asignó más fotosintatos para raíz y lámina foliar, y su efecto aumenta con R. intraradices. En los dos últimos muestreos, R. intraradices más la aplicación de la fertilización incrementaron 20% su biomasa en promedio con relación al testigo y fue semejante a la fertilización más alta. R. intraradices incrementa el N en combinación con la fertilización y el P disminuye.
Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: El hongo endomicorrízico debe contener al menos 40 esporas g-1 de suelo y ser aplicado a la siembra.
Hallazgos/conclusiones: La biomasa en los componentes del rendimiento incrementó con la interacción entre R. intraradices y la dosis baja e intermedia de fertilización. El N fue superior con R. intraradices con y sin la aplicación de la fertilización, pero fue menor con la dosis alta de fertilizante. El P incrementó con R. intraradices y disminuyó en interacción con las dosis de fertilización.
Quality plant production in forest nurseries guarantees success in the establishment of commercial forest plantations andreforestation programs. Seedling quality refers to the appropriate morphological and physiological characteristics of plants tosurvive and grow satisfactorily under the environmental and ecological conditions of the place where they will be planted. Theobjective of this work was to know and describe the main cultural practices and evaluate the quality parameters of plants ofPrimavera (Tabebuia donnell-smithii Rose), Roble (Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC.) and Cedro (Cedrela odorata L.) that are producedfor marketing purposes in the El Campanario forest nursery located in the First Section of Izapa, municipality of Tuxtla Chico,Chiapas. The variables evaluated were total height, stem diameter, total biomass, as well as the shoot- root ratio, the sturdinessquotient, lignification index and Dickson quality index. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and compared with the results of other studies carried out in Mexico. From the results obtained, it is established that the cultural practices that are appliedin the nursery are adequate, which allows obtaining plants of good quality forest species. In terms of height and diameter, the threeforest species are within the established range to be planted in the field. Budget constraints make it difficult to increaseproductivity, but without a doubt, having the economic resources on time and sufficient for the sales of the plants on time, willallow better planning of the different activities and avoid delays in production.
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