The nature of excited states of open quantum systems produced by incoherent natural thermal light is analyzed based on a description of the quantum dynamical map. Natural thermal light is shown to generate long-lasting coherent dynamics because of (i) the super-Ohmic character of the radiation, and (ii) the absence of pure dephasing dynamics. In the presence of an environment, the long-lasting coherences induced by suddenly turned-on incoherent light dissipate and stationary coherences are established. As a particular application, dynamics in a subunit of the PC-645 light-harvesting complex is considered where it is further shown that aspects of the energy pathways landscape depend on the nature of the exciting light and number of chromophores excited.Specifically, pulsed laser and natural broadband incoherent excitation induce significantly different energy transfer pathways. In addition, we discuss differences in perspective associated with the eigenstate vs site basis, and note an important difference in the phase of system coherences when coupled to blackbody radiation or when coupled to a phonon background. Finally, an Appendix contains an open systems example of the loss of coherence as the turn on time of the light assumes natural time scales.

Intellectual property became a relevant academic cross-disciplinary field in an international context with the demand for the global governance of knowledge. However, the degree of consolidation of cross-disciplinary academic communities is not clear. To determine how closely related are these communities, this paper proposes a mixed methodology to find invisible colleges in the production of intellectual property. Scientific articles from 1994 to 2016 were extracted from Web of Science, taking into account the signature of the agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights in the early 90's. A total of 1,580 papers were processed through bibliographic coupling network analysis. A special technique was applied, which combines algorithms of community detection and defines a population of articles through thresholds of shared references. To contrast the invisible colleges that emerged with the existence of formal institutional relations, a qualitative tracking of the authors was made with respect to their institutional affiliation, lines of research, and meeting places. Both methods show that the subjects of interest can be grouped into 13 thematic modules related to the intellectual property field. Even though most are related to Law and Economics, there are weak linkages between disciplines which could indicate the construction of a cross-disciplinary field.

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La infección por SARS-CoV-2 le ha traído grandes retos al personal de salud durante 2020. Aprender sobre su comportamiento, fisiopatología, afectación pulmonar y su progresión a síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda (SDRA), además de las intervenciones farmacológicas y la mortalidad, han representado un desafío científico en los centros de atención especializada. No obstante, y a pesar de los avances sobre la infección aguda, poco se conoce respecto a las potenciales secuelas posteriores a la infección leve, moderada o severa por SARS-CoV-2, entre ellas la posible afectación fibrosante del parénquima pulmonar, que de acuerdo con la experiencia sobre infecciones por otros coronavirus (síndrome respiratorio agudo severo y síndrome respiratorio de Oriente Medio) y otras causas de SDRA, puede ser una de las complicaciones más severas y con mayor impacto en la calidad de vida y en la funcionalidad de las personas, una vez superada la infección. En este artículo se revisa la evidencia disponible sobre el desarrollo de la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial de tipo fibrosante asociada con la infección por SARS-CoV-2, los posibles mecanismos fisiopatológicos, los hallazgos imagenológicos y el plan de manejo propuesto hasta el momento, especialmente en términos de rehabilitación integral de estos pacientes.

Protracted conflict is one of the largest human challenges that have persistently undermined economic and social progress. In recent years, there has been increased emphasis on using statistical and physical science models to better understand both the universal patterns and the underlying mechanics of conflict. Whilst macroscopic power-law fractal patterns have been shown for death-toll in wars and self-excitation models have been shown for roadside ambush attacks, very few works deal with the challenge of complex dynamics between gangs at the intra-city scale. Here, based on contributions to the historical memory of the conflict in Colombia, Medellin’s gang-confrontation-network is presented. It is shown that socio-economic and violence indexes are moderate to highly correlated to the structure of the network. Specifically, the death-toll of conflict is strongly influenced by the leading eigenvalues of the gangs’ conflict adjacency matrix, which serves a proxy for unstable self-excitation from revenge attacks. The distribution of links based on the geographic distance between gangs in confrontation leads to the confirmation that territorial control is a main catalyst of violence and retaliation among gangs. As a first attempt to explore the time evolution of the confrontation network, the Boltzmann-Lotka-Volterra (BLV) dynamic interaction network analysis is applied to quantify the spatial embeddedness of the dynamic relationship between conflicting gangs in Medellin. However, the non-stationary character of the violence in Medellin during the observation period restricts the application of the BLV model and results suggest that more involved and comprehensive models are needed to described the dynamics of Medellin’s armed conflict.