The retinal dystrophy reported here in Whippet dogs has a unique phenotype of an initial lack of ERG b-wave, development of retinal bullae then a progressive generalized retinal degeneration.

Objective A hypothetical relationship between canine cranial length and the length of the periorbita could be used for intraconal anesthetic volume estimation. Study subjects Forty-one canine cadaver heads and one macerated dog skull. Procedures Inion and nasion points were recognized in the macerated skull and used as landmarks for cranial length measure. Thirty cadavers classified as dolichocephalic, mesaticephalic and brachycephalic were distributed in three study groups. Anatomic references of the skull shapes were recognized and parameters measured: body weight (BW), cranial length (L cr ) and length of the periorbita (L po ). Results were compared and statistical analyses were performed to find correlations between BW and the skull parameters. Contrast medium was injected in another 11 cadavers with a total volume calculated based on L cr (10 cadavers) or BW (one cadaver) and then submitted to computerized tomography examination to compare techniques, estimate the capacity of the intraconal space of the periorbita and to illustrate practical implications. Results There is a positive correlation between BW and L po (P < 0.001) as well as between L cr and L po (P < 0.0001). Linear regression of the variable BW predicts only 71% of the variable L po (r 2 = 0.71), whereas the variable L cr predicts 88% (r 2 = 0.88)Conclusions This study demonstrated a mathematical relation between L cr and L po . A method for calculating anesthetic solution volumes based on canine morphometric features is presented. The formula 0.1 mL/cm L cr to calculate total intraconal anesthetic volume is suggested.

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RESUMOAvaliaram-se os efeitos da injeção epidural de amitraz (0,4mg/kg), xilazina (0,05mg/kg) ou dimetil sulfóxido 10% (5,0ml) sobre a freqüência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), freqüência respiratória (FR), motilidade ruminal (MR), temperatura retal (TR), altura de cabeça (AC) e latência das respostas a estímulos nociceptivos nas regiões da coxa (LECC) e coroa do casco (LRRM) de vacas. Houve diminuição da FC e da MR nos grupos xilazina e amitraz. O tratamento com xilazina resultou em alterações na FR, PAS e AC. LECC e LRRM foram maiores nos tratamentos com agonistas α-2. Nas doses utilizadas, o amitraz aumentou a latência de resposta a estímulo nociceptivo em menor grau que a xilazina, sem induzir efeitos colaterais sistêmicos severos, em vacas.Palavras-chave: agonista alfa-2, amitraz, analgesia, bovinos, epidural ABSTRACT