The number of mobiles surpassed the population of the planet in 2018. Without a doubt, they have become the tool of reference in our social life, as well as in our work and leisure, but in educational centers, they continue to be used inefficiently or are declared off limits to some classrooms. This study aims to establish the relationship that the use of mobile phones in secondary education schools may have in regard to the student’s academic performance. For this purpose, we will carry out a secondary exploitation of the Ministry of Education database for 2017 with the data of 1,887,027 students from 7381 compulsory secondary education schools in Spain. As a method of analysis, a multilevel correlation study is carried out. The results show a strong correlation between centers and territories that allow the usage of mobile devices in education and academic performance. Although the methodology that accompanies the use of the smartphone as an educational tool is very important, the data obtained leads us to think that using mobile phones in schools is a proposal that somehow influences the achievement of better academic results, with almost any methodology used.
RESUMEN: Objetivos: determinar conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de riesgo de los jóvenes universitarios nicaragüenses con respecto al VIH para desarrollar propuestas de mejora socioeducativa que permitan contribuir a controlar la pandemia en este contexto. Métodos: se trata de un estudio cualitativo desarrollado en la Facultad Regional Multidisciplinar de Chontales (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-Managua). Se realizaron dos grupos de discusión con estudiantes, entrevistas a informantes clave del mismo centro, así como un grupo de discusión con expertos de la Comisión Nicaragüense contra el SIDA. Resultados: las expectativas sociales del machismo suponen un obstáculo en materia de educación sexual. Existe una clara diferenciación de género en el discurso explícito sobre el sexo en general y sobre las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS) en particular. Se dan diferencias significativas de percepción y conocimientos entre el mundo rural y urbano. Persisten gran cantidad de prejuicios, estereotipos y fobia al contagio. Interpretación y conclusiones: el machismo influye en las relaciones sexuales en cuanto a la utilización de métodos de protección. La cultura tradicional dificulta hablar abiertamente de la sexualidad en las familias y entre iguales. Las prácticas de riesgo no se producen tanto por falta de información como sí por la escasa concienciación entre los jóvenes. Palabras Clave: VIH, educación para la salud, percepción social, género, estigma social, jóvenes universitarios, conocimientos, Nicaragua ABSTRACT: Objectives: Determine the knowledge, attitudes and risk behaviours of the Nicaraguan college students in respect to HIV in order to develop proposals for the socio-educative improvement that allow controlling the pandemics in this context. Methods: This is a qualitative study developed in the Multidisciplinary Regional Faculty of Chontales (Autonomous University of Nicaragua-Managua). Two focal groups with students, interviews to key informants from the same faculty, and a focal group with experts from the Nicaraguan commission against HIV were conducted. Results: the social expectations of sexism represent a burden in terms of sex education. There is a clear gender differentiation in the explicit discourse about sex in general and about STD in particular. There are significative differences in the perception and knowledge between the rural and urban world. A big amount of prejudices, stereotypes and phobia of infection persists. Interpretation and conclusions: Sexism (machismo) influences sexual relations, particularly in the use of protection. The traditional culture makes it difficult to talk openly about sexuality with the family or between peers. Risk behaviours are not due to the lack of information but rather due to poor self-awareness.
A partir de la premisa de la importancia de los medios de comunicación en la Educación para la Salud, los autores de este trabajo relatan la experiencia del Programa de «Cine y Salud», llevado a cabo por el Ayuntamiento de Ourense con el objeto de educar en hábitos de vida más saludable, a partir del visionado de films, ya que al ser un medio muy enraizado en las experiencias vitales de los jóvenes y con gran impacto en sus comportamientos y formas de vivir, contribuye a fomentar, transmitir o cambiar valores y contravalores sociales.
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