Studies have indicated that the use of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) results in a delay in the hydration time of Portland cement. Calcium-rich waste such as lime kiln waste (LKW) is one of the techniques used to offset this delay as it accounts for the lack of this element in calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) production in the mixture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) and lime kiln waste (LKW) in the hydration process of Portland cement pastes and their influence in setting time and hydration heat. The methodology used required several steps: physiochemical and micro-structural characterization of waste samples; definition and production cement pastes with different levels of waste substitution and a reference paste and evaluation of the cement pastes with respect to setting time and hydration heat. Results showed that the substitution of 1% EAFD with or without LKW presented similar hydration heats as the reference paste. This indicated that EAFD+LKW substitution would not affect substantially the hydration reactions of cement and could allow waste recycling in construction materials.
ResumoA concepção de desenvolvimento sustentável tem resultado no aumento de pressões ambientais para a melhoria da eficiência na utilização de recursos, e para a significativa redução das emissões e da geração de resíduos. No processo de fabricação de aço nas siderúrgicas com fornos elétricos a arco ocorre a geração do resíduo sólido denominado pó de aciaria elétrica (PAE). O PAE é constituído por diferentes óxidos metálicos. Contém cromo, chumbo e cádmio e, por isso, é classificado como resíduo classe I -Perigoso pela NBR 10004 [1]. Gerado em grandes quantidades diariamente em todo o país, o PAE é disposto principalmente em aterros industriais. A indústria da construção civil, devido a quantidade de matérias-primas consumida e variedade de produtos disponíveis -cimento, concreto, agregado, cerâmica, entre outros, apresenta-se como alternativa para a reciclagem de resíduos gerados em outros setores da econômica. Estudos indicam o potencial uso do PAE na produção de materiais da construção civil, tais como cimento e concreto. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma revisão da literatura sobre a viabilidade técnica da adição do PAE ao cimento como alternativa de valorização desse resíduo. Os estudos sugerem que em quantidades próximas a 1%, a adição de PAE não afeta de forma significativa as propriedades do cimento. Palavras-chave: Pó de aciaria elétrica; Siderurgia; Resíduos sólidos; Cimento. OPPORTUNITIES TO ADD ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE DUST IN CEMENT AbstractThe sustainable development concept has resulted in increased environmental pressures to improve the efficient use of resources and reduction of emissions and waste generation. In the steelmaking process through electric arc furnaces, dust generation occurs which is called electric arc furnace dust (EAFD). EAFD is composed by different metal oxides. Some common elements those constitute this dust, chromium, lead and cadmium, and therefore, waste is classified as class I -hazardous by NBR 10004 [1]. PAE has been generated in large quantities every day across the country and it has mainly landfilled. Due to expressive amount of raw materials consumed in civil construction industry and also the variety of products available (cement, concrete, aggregate, ceramics, among others), this seems to be an alternative for waste recycling generated in other sectors. Studies indicate the potential use of the EAFD in the production of construction materials such as cement and concrete. The objective of this paper is to present a literature review about the technical feasibility of adding EAFD in cement as an alternative valorization of this waste. Studies suggest that in amounts up to 1%, the addition of EAFD does not affect significantly cement properties.
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