Chitosan is a polycatonic biopolymer that can form gel in acidic environment so that can be used as a hydrophilic matrix in controlled release drug delivery system. In this research, propranolol hydrochloride controlled release granule was made in chitosan matrix. Granules were made by wet granulation method with variety of matrices, i.e. chitosan, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and ethyl cellulose (EC). HPMC and EC were used as a comparing matrix. The release rates of propranolol HCl from matrix were determined by using dissolution apparatus type I with 50 rpm stirring rotation in acidic media of pH 1,2 and base media of pH 7,5 for 8 hours. Sample was taken at certain time and the samples were analyzed by spectrophotometer. The result showed that the release of propranolol hydrochloride from chitosan matrix was the slowest compared to the other matrices.
Saponin is a group of compounds contained in natural materials that have amphiphilic properties and can reduce surface tension. The reduction of surface tension caused by a soap compound (Latin = sapo) that can disrupt hydrogen bonds in water. Red frangipani plant (Plumeria rubra) is known to have saponin content. The research objectives were to identify the saponin content of red frangipani plant extract (Plumeria rubra) which could reduce the surface tension. Part of red frangipani plant (flowers, leaves and stems) was extracted using five kinds of solvents. Each of the extracts obtained was then tested for saponin content qualitatively. Extract from each part of the plant (flower, leaf, and stem) which has the highest foam was selected then tested surface tension using surface tensionmat equipment. The result of qualitative saponin test showed that flower, stem and flower extract of red frangipani with aqua demineralisata solvent had the highest saponin content compared to extract with other solvent. The content of saponins in plumeria rubra extract either from the leaves, stems or flowers could decrease the surface tension with the best results obtained from the flower extract with 8,61% of Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC).
Propranolol hydrochloride is antihypertension agent that has a short biological half life of 2-6 hours. Microcapsules of propranolol hydrochloride are prepared by solvent evaporation method using ethylcellulose as a wall material with the drugpolymer ratio 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 for sustained release oral delivery. The microcapsules were then evaluated by particle size distribution analysis, shape and morphology (SEM), drug content, and dissolution studies. In vitro dissolution was studied using the dissolution apparatus II (paddle) with chloride buffer (pH 1,2) dan phosphate buffer (pH 6,8) medium. The drug-polymer ratio have an important influence on drug release from microcapsules where the increase of polymer cause the higher drug release inhibition.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.