BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Carotid webs may cause recurrent ischemic stroke. We describe the prevalence, demographics, clinical presentation, imaging features, histopathology, and stroke risk associated with this under-recognized lesion.

The solubility of certain solids was increased markedly in supercritical carbon dioxide by adding small amounts of various cosolvents. For 2-aminobenzoic acid, the addition of only 3.5 mol % methanol increased the solubility 620%. By use of a modified van der Waals equation of state, over 15 new solubility isotherms were correlated within 7% and were predicted qualitatively by calculating the attraction constants using dispersion, orientation, acidic, and basic solubility parameters. These binary supercritical solvents can be highly selective for particular solutes due to specific types of intermolecular interactions.

A new microsampling experimental technique Is described for measuring the solubility of solids In supercritical fluid (SF) C02 with liquid co-solvents. Since the polarizability of C02 Is relatively low, the solubility of hydrocarbons Increases significantly with the addition of small amounts of alkane co-solvents. In many cases, the sensitivity of the solubility with respect to pressure actually Increases with the addition of the co-solvent. The data are predicted to within an average of 13% by using solubility parameters to calculate the Interaction constants In a modified van der Waals equation of state.

Improved selection criteria are necessary to avoid early failures, and much more follow-up and analyses of data are mandatory. However, the operation may become a biologic bridge, or even alternative, to transplantation.

Background: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is recognised in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) although the pathogenesis remains unclear. The aims of this study were to compare BMD over a broad continuum of Australian individuals with CF with healthy controls and to examine the relationship between BMD and clinical parameters including physical activity, nutrition, and vitamin D levels. Methods: BMD of the lumbar spine (LS), total body (TB), femoral neck (FN), cortical wrist (R33%), and distal wrist (RUD) was examined in 153 individuals with CF aged 5.3-55.8 years (84 males) and in 149 local controls aged 5.6-48.3 years (66 males) using dual energy x ray absorptiometry. Anthropometric variables, body cell mass, markers of disease severity, corticosteroid usage, measures of physical activity, dietary calcium and caloric intake and serum vitamin D were assessed and related to BMD. Results: Compared with controls, mean BMD was not significantly different in children aged 5-10 years with CF. Adolescents (females 11-18 years, males 11-20 years) had reduced TB and R33% BMD when adjusted for age, sex, and height (difference in BMD (g/cm 2 ) adjusted means between control and CF: TB = 0.04 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.07); R33% = 0.03 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.06)). BMD was reduced at all sites except R33% in adults (difference in BMD (g/cm 2 ) adjusted means between control and CF: TB = 0.05 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.09); LS = 0.08 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.14); FN = 0.09 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.15); RUD = 0.03 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.05)). In children/adolescents BMD was weakly associated with nutritional status and disease severity. Conclusions: BMD was normal in a well nourished group of prepubertal children with CF. A BMD deficit appears to evolve during adolescence and becomes more marked in adults. Individuals with CF should optimise nutrition, partake in physical activity, and maximise lung health in order to optimise BMD. Further longitudinal studies are required to understand the evolution of reduced BMD in young people and adults with CF.

These results show a marked increase in endothelial VEGF uptake with US and US + PESDA. Thus, US may be used to augment endothelial VEGF uptake 10-fold to 13-fold.

Supercritical fluid (SF) carbon dioxide offers several advantages compared with organic liquid solvents for separations and reaction processes of thermally labile biomolecules.A major limitation is that the even moderately polar biomolecules are only slightly soluble. Experimental solubility and vapor pressure data were obtained for cholesterol, stigmasterol, and ergosterol in SF CO(2) with and without co-solvents over a pressure range of 100 to 350 bar. Small concentrations of certain co-solvents can increase solubilities of particular sterols by one or two orders of magnitude, but have little effect on other sterols due to complexes formed in the solid phase. The experimental data were correlated using component solubility parameters to obtain the unlike-pair attraction constant used in a modified van der Waals equation of state.

Specific workstation exercises can significantly improve balance and strength in osteopenic women. This type of training may also positively influence bone density although further study is required with intervention over a longer period. A preventative exercise program may reduce the risk of falls and fractures in osteopenic women already at risk.