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Some accessions of Lycopersicon pennellii, a wild relative of the tomato Lycopersicon esculentum, are resistant to a number of important pests of cultivated tomato due to the accumulation of acylsugars, which constitute 90% of the exudate of type-IV trichomes in L. pennellii LA716. An interspecific F2 population, created by the cross L. esculentum x L. pennellii LA 716, was surveyed for acylsugar accumulation and subjected to RFLP/QTL analysis to determine the genomic regions associated with the accumulation of acylglucoses, acylsucroses, and total acylsugars, as well as with acylglucoses as a percentage of total acylsugars (mole percent acylglucoses). Data were analyzed using MAPMAKER/QTL with and without a log10 transformation. A threshold value of 2.4 (default value for MAPMAKER/QTL) was used, as well as 95% empirically derived threshold values. Five genomic regions, two on chromosome 2 and one each on chromosomes 3, 4 and 11, were detected as being associated with one or more aspects of acylsugar production. The L. esculentum allele is partially dominant to the L. pennellii allele in the regions on chromosomes 2 and 11, but the L. pennellii allele is dominant in the region on chromosome 3. Throughout this study, we report the comparative effects of analytical methodology on the identification of acylsugar QTLs. Similarities between our results and published results for the genus Solanum are also discussed.

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Oviposition and adult feeding of the leafminer Liriomyza trifollii (Burgess) (Diptera, Agromyzidae) on Lycopersicon pennellii (Corr.) D'Arcy and its F1 hybrid with Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill.) was significantly less than that on the cultivated tomato, L. esculentum. The resistance of L. pennellii and the F~ was reduced following rinsing of foliage with ethanol. Resistant attributes of L. pennellii were transferred to L. esculentum through appression of L. pennellii foliage to L. esculentum leaflets. Application of purified 2,3,4-tri-O-acylglucoses (the principal component of type IV glandular trichome exudate of L. pennellii) to L. esculentum significantly decreased feeding and oviposition on L. esculentum leaflets by 61-99~o. Therefore the principal mechanism of resistance to this leafminer by L. pennellii is the secretion of these acylglucoses. Dose response analysis of acylglucoses applied to L. esculentum shows that dosages as low as 10~o those found on L. pennellii provide large reductions (91 ~o) in leaf punctures and mines.

Sucrose synthesis is a major element of the interactions between photosynthesis and plant growth and development. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. UC82B) plants transformed with maize sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.3.1.14) expressed from either a ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylaseoxygenase (Rubisco) small subunit promoter (SSU) or the cauli¯ower mosaic virus 35S promoter (35S) were used to study eects of increased sucrose synthesis rates on plant growth. The plants were grown in growth chambers, ®eld plots, and open-top chambers. The 35S plants had a 2 to 3-fold increase in young-leaf SPS activity, a 10 to 20-fold increase in young-root SPS activity and no increase in young-fruit SPS activity. The leaf SPS activity in one of the 35S lines fell to control levels by two months of age. The SSU plants had a 4 to 5-fold increase in leaf SPS activity and no signi®cant increase in root or young-fruit SPS activity. One 35S line, which maintained high leaf SPS activity throughout development, yielded 70±80% more than controls at both normal and elevated CO 2 in open-top chambers in the ®eld and 20±30% more than controls in two additional ®eld trials. The other 35S line and the two SSU lines either yielded less or did not dier from controls under several growth conditions. Since only one of four transformed lines showed an increase in yield, we can not yet conclude that increased leaf SPS activity leads to increased yield. However, increased leaf SPS activity appears to result in increased fruit sugar content since all three lines with increased leaf SPS usually also had increased fruit sugars.Key words: Cauli¯ower mosaic virus 35S promoter ± Growth chamber (open topped) Lycopersicon ± Open top chambers ± Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase small subunit promoter ± Sucrose-phosphate synthase ± Yield (transformed tomato) Abbreviations: DAS = days after seeding; SPS = sucrosephosphate synthase; SSU = small subunit of Rubisco Correspondence to: M. Laporte;

Lycopersicon pennellii, a wild relative of the tomato, L. esculentum, is resistant to a number of important pests of cultivated tomato due to the accumulation of acylsugars, which constitute 90% of L. pennellii LA716 type IV trichome exudate. An interspecific F2 population created by crossing L. esculentum × L. pennellii was surveyed for acylsugar accumulation and subjected to RFLP analysis to determine the genomic regions associated with the levels of acylglucoses, acylsucroses, and total acylsugars accumulated, and glucose as a percentage of total acylsugars. Data was analyzed using MAPMAKER with and without log10 transformation and using a threshold of either 2.4 (default value for MAPMAKER) or ones calculated according to the Permutation-based Estimated Threshold (PET) method. Genomic regions were identified for each of the traits studied. Effects of analytical method on identification of QTLs, similarities between these results and results published for the genus Solanum, and similarities between these results and the regions transferred by a breeding program selecting for acylsugar production are discussed.

Acylsugars, the primary components of the exudate secreted by type IV trichomes of Lycopersicon pennellii (Corr.) D'Arcy LA716, mediate the resistance of this accession to silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring, n. sp. Reduction in the settling of the adult silverleaf whiteflies correlates with the concomitant increase in applied acylsugars. Oviposition of B. argentifolii is also affected by acylsugars, resulting in a reduction in the number of eggs and nymphs found; however, acylsugars do not affect hatching of nymphs. The threshold amount of acylsugars required for deterring settling and oviposition is under the amount of acylsugars (50 to 70 μg·cm–1) required for control of other insects.