Various aspects of the participation of Fenton chemistry in biology and medicine are reviewed. Accumulated evidence shows that both hydroxyl radical and ferryl [Fe(IV)=O]2+ can be formed under a variety of Fenton and Fenton-like reactions. Some examples of metal-independent hydroxyl radical production are included. Extracellular Fenton reaction is illustrated by the white rot and brown rot wood-decaying fungi. The natural and practical utilization of catechol-driven Fenton reaction is also presented.
The reaction of benzoin (I) with propanedinitrile in dimethylformamide catalyzed with diethylamine gives directly 2-amino-3-cyano-4,5-diphenylfurane (III), whereas this reaction catalyzed with glycine in ethanol produces the intermediate II which is transformed into III thermally or by catalysis with diethylamine. The aminofurane III reacts with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde to give azomethine IV, and it produces 2-amino-3-thioamido-4,5-diphenylfurane (V) by reaction with H2S in dimethylformamide.
Wood-decaying mushrooms can be applied for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic substrates such as leaves, hay and straw. The use of wood-decaying fungus Auricularia auricula-judae for the decomposition of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) leaves and hay is discussed in the proposed paper. Such pretreated substrate was employed in the anaerobic processes for biogas production. Comparison of pretreated and non-pretreated substrate revealed that an increase of 15 % in the biogas production can be achieved using the pretreated substrate. Composition of organic compounds in the sludge during the anaerobic process was identified by HPLC. The obtained results show that the utilization of pretreated leaves and hay leads to a gradual increase of the concentration of formic, acetic, and volatile fatty acids as well as to the formation of some aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols.
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