Studies conducted among populations of tropical countries have reported high prevalences of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Information resulting from meta-analyses on the spatial distribution of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in tropical countries is still rare. The aim of this review was investigated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among the Brazilian population. Observational studies were searched in eight electronically databases. Additionally, theses and dissertations and abstracts were screened. Details on study design, methods, population, mean and data on serum concentrations of vitamin D in different age groups in Brazil were extracted. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and choropleth maps were created based on the geopolitical regions of the country. 72 published paper met the inclusion criteria. The mean vitamin D concentration among the Brazilian population between 2000 and 2017 of 67.65 nmol/L (95% CI: 65.91, 69.38 nmol/L).The prevalences of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were 28.16% (95% CI: 23.90, 32.40) and 45.26% (95% CI: 35.82, 54.71), respectively, for the Brazilian population. The highest prevalence of deficiency were observed in the southern and southeastern regions and the highest occurrence of vitamin D insufficiency was among the populations of the southeastern and northeastern regions. Finally, there are high prevalence of inadequate vitamin D concentrations among the population, regardless of age group in Brazil. The development of vitamin D food fortification policies in needs to be cautious and carefully planned.

The process changes are arising mainly due to the land cover/use variability, but, mainly due to the decreasing in the rainfall rates during 1995-2008 when compared with the first period analysed, which in turn decreased the streamflow and sediments during the wet seasons and reduced the base flow during the dry seasons.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

RESUMODesde os primeiros estudos realizados pelo Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Água e Território -GEPAT/UFPB observou-se que os conflitos em torno da água na Paraíba eram inúmeros e de natureza variada. Foram identificados conflitos institucionais entre prefeituras e o governo estadual pelo direito de prestar o serviço de abastecimento de água e saneamento. Porém o mais comum são os conflitos com irrigantes, que buscam o direito de utilizar as águas de açudes para irrigação, em oposição ao Estado, através da Companhia de Águas e Esgoto da Paraíba -CAGEPA, que em situações de estiagem proíbe esse uso, para evitar o racionamento dos sistemas de abastecimento público, quando a capacidade dos reservatórios está comprometida. O objetivo desse artigo é analisar alguns desses conflitos e enumerar tantos outros já identificados no Estado.Palavras chave: Recursos Hídricos. Gestão e Conflitos. ABSTRACTSince the first studies of the Group of and Research in Water and Land -GEPAT/UFPB were noted that conflicts over water in Paraíba were numerous an the of varied nature. Were identified institutional conflicts between municipal and state government by the right to provide the service of water supply and sanitation. However, the most common are conflicts with irrigators, who seek the right to use the waters of dams for irrigation, as opposed to the state, through the Water and Sewage Company of Paraíba -CAGEPA that in situations of drought prohibits such use, to avoid the