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Using genotypes adapted to different regions is one of the main ways to increase Brazilian bean yield. The aim of the present study was to assess the genotypic performance of Carioca beans through mixed models. Fourteen Carioca bean genotypes were assessed in four locations in Pernambuco State (Arcoverde, Caruaru, Belém de São Francisco and São João counties) in 2015. The experiments followed a completely randomized block design, with three repetitions. Genetic parameters were estimated according to the REML/BLUP methodology, whereas genotype selection was based on the harmonic mean of relative performance of genetic values method (MHPRVG). The mean genotype heritability had moderate magnitude, high selective accuracy, besides allowing selection of agronomically superior individuals. Genotypes ‘BRS Notável’, CNFC 15480 and ‘IPR 139’ showed good adaptability and grain yield stability. There was agreement among the statistics μ ̂ + g ̂…, stability (MHVG), adaptability (PRVG), and stability and adaptability of genetic values (MHPRVG) in the discrimination of the most productive genotypes, which presented high adaptability and stability. This outcome indicated that these genotypes can be part of the selection criteria regularly used in bean breeding programs.

The objective of this work was to determine the efficiency of a simultaneous selection for yield, stability, and adaptability of bean genotypes of the carioca and black groups. In the 2016 harvest, two experiments were carried out in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil: one for the carioca group, with 20 genotypes, in the municipalities of Caruaru, Arcoverde, and Belém de São Francisco; and the other for the black group, with 12 genotypes, in the municipalities of Caruaru and Arcoverde. The parameters were estimated by mixed models, and selection was performed by the harmonic mean of the relative performance of genetic values, using three strategies: selection based on the predicted genetic value, without interaction; selection based on the predicted genetic value, considering each location; and simultaneous selection for grain yield, stability, and adaptability. The environments affected the phenotypic expression of the carioca bean genotypes, indicating specific adaptation. The average heritability for grain yield showed high values for black bean genotypes, which is a favorable condition for selection, and low values for carioca bean genotypes. The black bean genotypes CNFP 15684, 'BRS Esteio', CNFP 15678, CNFP 15697, CNFP 15695, and 'IPR Uirapuru' show the best performances in the studied environments, simultaneously considering grain yield, adaptability, and stability.

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Poderia-se dizer que o tema deste trabalho é psicologia, ou ética, ou mesmo política. Poderia-se afirma, ainda, que o núcleo é o desejo, teoria do conhecimento, ação moral. Mas, acertadamente, poderia-se dizer que o núcleo deste trabalho é humano, demasiado humano. A dificuldade do tema não diz respeito exclusivamente à pletora de 10 Ferrari (2007), p. 177, declara: "Freud's appeal to conflict in order to distinguish parts of the soul is comparable to the account we find in Republic 4". Realmente, existe uma aproximação possível, com todos os cuidados necessários. 11 Freud (1923). O ego e o Id (partes II). Vol. XIX. Em seus primeiros trabalhos como neurologista, Freud observou os bulbos de fetos de crianças de cinco a seis meses e as transformações que ocorrem até o desenvolvimento total do órgão. Freud observa que estas mudanças cerebrais estão conectadas com o desenvolvimento posterior do ego e do superego. Cf. Santas (1988), que declara na página 168: "Freud's model is developmental or genetic, as well as structural and functional: only the Id could be called innate; the Ego is formed out of the Id by the aid of perception of the external world and by identifications, and the Super-Ego is a purely cultural product". 12 Claramente, genética aqui não quer dizer uma teoria dos genes. 13 Kahn (1987), p. 177: "I want to suggest that Plato's theory of desire has certain definite advantages both over the Humean-Davidsonian view of reason and desire and also over the Freudian conception of ego and id. Not that Plato offers a genetic account of how the divisions arise-a fact that makes it easier for him eventually to transcend the Freudian pattern".

Changes in the relative performance of genotypes have made it necessary for more in-depth investigations to be carried out through reliable analyses of adaptability and stability. The present study was conducted to compare the efficiency of different informative priors in the Bayesian method of Eberhart & Russel with frequentist methods. Fifteen black-bean genotypes from the municipalities of Belém do São Francisco and Petrolina (PE, Brazil) were evaluated in 2011 and 2012 in a randomized-block design with three replicates. Eberhart & Russel’s methodology was applied using the GENES software and the Bayesian procedure using the R software through the MCMCregress function of the MCMCpack package. The quality of Bayesian analysis differed according to the a priori information entered in the model. The Bayesian approach using frequentist analysis had greater accuracy in the estimate of adaptability and stability, where model 1 which uses the a priori information, was the most suitable to obtain reliable estimates according to the BayesFactor function. The inference, using information from previous studies, showed to be imprecise and equivalent to the linear-model methodology. In addition, it was realized that the input of a priori information is important because it increases the quality of the adjustment of the model.

The objective of this work is to evaluate the adaptability and phenotypic stability of the RB sugarcane genotype using the AMMI method. The experiments were performed in five production units in the state of Pernambuco, in cultivars of sugarcane soca and ressoca, using 14 RB sugarcane genotypes-11 RB clones of series 2004 and three cultivars as controls. Each combination of production unit × cutting was considered as environment, for a total of 13 environments. The experimental design was with random blocks, and four repetitions. We estimated the parameters tons of sugarcane per hectare (TCH) and tons of pol per hectare (TPH). The genotype G12 displayed general adaptability, phenotypic stability and high productivity for the two parameters. The genotypes G10, G13 and G14 had the highest yield, largest contribution of G×E, indicating specific adaptability. The environments A12 and A13, in Primavera, are recommended for preliminary selection trials.

Path analysis is a methodology able of splitting the correlation coefficients into direct and indirect effects, helping the breeder in the study of quantitative traits. This study aimed to use path analysis to quantify such effects on the yield of theoretical ethanol, exerted by the variables total and culm dry matter yield, soluble solids content at harvest and efficiency of broth extraction, and on culm yield, by the agronomic variables average plant height at harvest, number of days until flowering, green matter yield and percentage of culms in the green matter yield. The soluble solids content variable presented the greatest total (0.8844) and direct (0.5969) effects on the yield of theoretical ethanol, indicating a great dependence of the main variable by the explanatory variable. The largest indirect effect was via culm yield (0.2820). The four variables considered as dependent (average plant height, number of days until flowering, percentage of culms in the yield of green matter and green matter yield) showed positive values for the total effect on culm yield. The largest direct effect (0.8010) was exerted by the green matter yield.