Background: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the early stages of inflammation. In this study, we investigated its role in orofacial discomfort in rats subjected to occlusal dental interference (ODI). Methods:Female Wistar rats (180-200 g) were divided in three groups (n = 30/group):sham group, without ODI, and two experimental groups with ODI pre-treated with 0.1 mL/kg saline (ODI + SAL) or 5 mg/kg infliximab (ODI + INF) and treated every 3 days. The animals were euthanized after 1, 3, and 7 days. The number of bites and scratches and grimace scale scores were determined daily, and the bilateral trigeminal ganglion was histomorphometrically (neuronal body area) analyzed and submitted for immunohistochemistry for TNF-α, nitric oxide synthesis (NOS) neuronal (nNOS) and inducible (iNOS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) y (PPARy) and δ/β (PPARδ/β), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). One-way/two-way ANOVA/ Bonferroni tests were used (P < .05, GraphPad Prism 5.0). Results:ODI + SAL showed a large number of bites (P = .002), scratches (P = .002), and grimace scores (P < .001) in the firsts days, and ODI + INF partially reduced these parameters. The contralateral and ipsilateral neuronal body area was significantly reduced on day 1 in ODI + SAL, but returned to the basal size on days 3 and 7, by increase in TNF-α, nNOS, PPARy, PPARδ/β, and GFAP immunostaining. The infliximab treatment attenuated these alterations (P < .05). There was no iNOS immunostaining. Conclusion:Occlusal dental interference induced transitory orofacial discomfort by trigeminal inflammatory mediator overexpression, and TNF-α blockage attenuated these processes.

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Aim: To analyse the influence of the degree of conversion (DC) and light curing residues of different bulk fills (BFs) composites on the inflammatory profile in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. Materials and methods: Resin disks of BF-resins and their active conventional resins (CR; 3M®, Ivoclar®, and Kerr®) were light-cured at 2 mm (BF-superficial) and 4 mm (BF-deep) thicknesses and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR; n = 3/group; DC and light curing residues). Then, the disks were implanted in four quadrants in the subcutaneous tissue of Wistar rats (sham, CR, BF-superficial and RF-deep), and after 7, 14, and 28 days, the animals ( n = 6/day) were euthanized for histological analysis of the intensity of the inflammatory process (scores 0–3). Kruskal–Wallis/Dunn and ANOVA/Bonferroni tests were used ( p < 0.05, Graph Pad Prism 5.0). Results: The DC of CR 3M® did not differ significantly compared to BF-superficial and BF-deep resins ( p = 0.235). The Ivoclar® and Kerr® resins showed a higher DC with CR and BF-superficial compared to the BF-deep ( p = 0.005 and p = 0.011, rctively). Kerr® resins showed a higher Bis-GMA/UDMA ratio, especially in BF-deep resin ( p < 0.05). 3M® and Ivoclar resins did not show high inflammation scores, but for Kerr® BF resins (superficial and deep), the inflammatory process was significantly higher than that in the CR and sham quadrants ( p = 0.031). Conclusion: The tissue inflammatory response after resin inoculation depends on the DC and light curing residues of Bis-GMA.

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Background Malignant neoplasms that affect children and adolescents are predominantly embryonic and generally affect blood system cells and supporting tissues. Aim This study aimed to summarize the scientific evidence about the prevalence of malignant lesions in the oral cavity of children and adolescents. Design In this systematic review and meta‐analysis (PROSPERO CRD42020158338), data were obtained from seven databases and the gray literature. Cross‐sectional observational studies on the prevalence of biopsied oral pediatric malignancies were included. The Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale assessed the quality of the included studies, and the GRADE approach evaluated the evidence certainty. The meta‐analysis prevalence was calculated using MedCalc® software, adopting a 95% confidence level (CI; random‐effect model). Results Forty‐two studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Of the 64,522 biopsies, the prevalence of malignant lesions was 1.93% (n = 1,100; 95% CI = 1.21%‐2.80%). Countries with a low socioeconomic profile showed the highest prevalence. The sample size did not influence the prevalence of oral malignancies, and unspecified lymphomas (12.08%; 95% CI = 5.73%‐20.37%) and rhabdomyosarcoma (10.53%; 95% CI = 7.28%‐14.30%) were the most common lesions. Conclusions Oral malignant lesions biopsied in children and adolescents had a prevalence of <3%, and lymphomas and sarcomas were the most prevalent lesions.