This study aims to identify the expectationsof the coacheson the instruction and behavior of athletes. The second objective is to correlate the expectations of the coaches with the instruction behavior of coaches and with the behavior of athletes in competition.Aiming to achieve these purpose four coaches of youth soccer teams that competed in the national championships in Portugal was studied.We applied observation systems SAIC and SOCAC to encode behaviors of coach's instruction and the behavior of athletes in competition, respectively. To collect data on expectations,the coaches responded to the Questionnaire about Expectations of Instruction and Behavior of Athletes in Competition. The results show that there is short relation between the coach's expectations and what actually happens in competition regarding the instruction behavior and the behavior of athletes.
RESUMO: Introdução: Neste estudo, pretendemos analisar comparativamente a preleção de preparação para a competição e a competição, ao nível das expectativas (variável cognitiva) e do comportamento de instrução (variável comportamental) do treinador. Materiais e Métodos: A amostra do nosso estudo é constituída por 12 preleções e 12 competições (antes, durante e intervalo do jogo). Foram observados seis treinadores de futebol (duas sessões cada) do escalão de seniores masculinos da 2ª Divisão B do Campeonato Português. Como instrumentos de recolha dos dados, foram utilizados: o Questionário de Expectativas da Instrução em Competição (QEIC), para avaliar as variáveis cognitivas-Expectativas; e o Sistema de Análise da Informação em Competição (SAIC) para avaliar as variáveis comportamentais-Instrução. Resultados: Relativo à análise comparativa, concluímos que, quer ao nível das expectativas, quer ao nível do comportamento de instrução, os treinadores de futebol apresentam uma congruência signifi cativa entre a preleção e a competição.
The article presents the reference framework for multidisciplinary research at the Life Quality Research Centre (LQRC). The research paradigm about the citizens’ quality of life in society imposes a multifaceted and complex analysis. At the LQRC we address this as thematically divided into six scientific areas: education and training; physical activity and healthy lifestyles; food production and technology on food behaviors; organizational dynamics; motor behavior; and individual and community health. These areas are clearly related to the concept of quality of life. They fit the goals and dynamics of the research center. In each section, the authors develop the themes of research projects and the challenges that characterize research in the area of quality of life. It is clear that there is an agreement and understanding that ensures that quality of life research is on the agenda of the world organizations related to scientific research and human development. This is a real challenge for scientific research centers, since multidisciplinary paradigms are the foundation of our collective organization, and the evolution of research on quality of life could fulfil current needs and lead to the improvement of citizen lives.
The Brief COPE is a measure of coping strategies that contains 14 factors. The purpose of this research was twofold: (a) examine the psychometric proprieties of the Brief Cope in previous studies; and (b) perform Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) with second-order model and bifactor model specifications that could be used to assess the best model that represents the 14 coping strategies inherent to the instrument. In order to meet the first objective, a bibliographic review of published peer-reviewed studies between 1997 and 2021 was conducted. Results from the review identified 50 studies, of which 21 used exploratory factor analysis, 28 CFA and one study test-retest analysis. Seventeen studies used the entire correlated 14-factor structure. However, only 11 studies conducted a CFA. For the second objective, a sample of 472 working class individuals (female = 278) with a mean work experience of 19.06 years (SD = 11,92) were recruited. We tested several model specifications, convergent and discriminant validity analysis. We found the correlated 14-factor structure of the Brief COPE to have good psychometric properties. The second-order and bifactor model specifications displayed poor fit or did not converge, respectively. The measure showed good convergent and discriminant validity, and the subscales showed adequate internal consistency. We provide further validity and reliability of the correlated 14-factor structure, evidencing that this measure can assess coping mechanisms. Second-order model specifications need further testing and empirical evidence to support such hierarchical categorization.
Este estudo procurou compreender o processo e os critérios considerados na avaliação de desempenho dos treinadores pertencentes a nove clubes desportivos da Região Autônoma da Madeira, Portugal. Foi utilizada uma metodologia de carácter qualitativo, com recurso à análise documental da estrutura, dos recursos humanos dos clubes e a uma entrevista semiestruturada realizada aos diretores com responsabilidades na avaliação dos treinadores. Os resultados ilustram um processo de avaliação não estruturado, baseado em informações pouco sistematizadas e rigorosas. Os critérios de avaliação mais relevantes foram os resultados desportivos dos atletas, seguidos das competências de liderança e competências pessoais e sociais do treinador.
Franco SCA, Rodrigues JJF, Balcells MC. Comportamento pedagógico dos instrutores de aulas de grupo de fitness de localizada. Fit Perf J. 2008 jul-ago;7(4):251-63. RESUMOIntrodução: Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma aplicação piloto do novo instrumento desenvolvido, Sistema de Observação do Comportamento dos Instrutores de Fitness -Aulas de Grupo (SOCIF), pretendendo-se identifi car e descrever quais as tendências comportamentais dos instrutores de fi tness nas aulas de grupo, designadamente de localizada. Materiais e Métodos: Foram observadas sessões de localizada, com conteúdo de treino de resistên-cia muscular. Foi efetuado o registro da duração dos comportamentos, através do instrumento SOCIF. Resultados: Foram encontrados valores excelentes de fi delidade intra-observador. Discussão: Verifi cou-se que: quando confrontados os resultados deste estudo com os de outros estudos, independente do contexto, os dois principais comportamentos dos professores, treinadores ou instrutores são a informação e/ou observação, parecendo que os comportamentos restantes apresentam variações em termos de ocorrência; existem alguns comportamentos que os sujeitos nunca manifestaram; os comportamentos positivos predominam em relação aos negativos; as instrutoras utilizam comportamentos que são importantes como estratégias pedagógicas para reter os alunos à prática de exercício, quais sejam, a Afetividade positiva, avaliação positiva, pressão e conversas com alunos. Os comportamentos evidenciam uma variação na sua ocorrência, de sujeito para sujeito. Os comportamentos parecem mudar a sua ocorrência de acordo com as fases da aula. Os comportamentos aparentam ser infl uenciados pela posição de realização dos exercícios. As instrutoras, durante a aula, passam a maioria do seu tempo a realizar exercício físico. PALAVRAS-CHAVEComportamento, Aptidão Física, Exercício. FITNESS INSTRUCTORS' PEDAGOGICAL BEHAVIOUR IN RESISTANCE TRAINING FITNESS GROUP CLASSES ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aim of this pilot study is to make an application of the new developed instrument Fitness Instructors' Behaviour Observation System -Group Classes (SOCIF), and to describe which, in Resistance Training classes, the behaviour instructor's tendencies are. Materials and Methods:There were observed Resistance Training sessions, in group classes, with the content of resistance strength. We registered the behaviours duration through an observation system of the instructors (SOCIF). Results: It was guaranteed excellent values of reliability intra -observer. Discussion: We have concluded that: When we confronted the results of this study with other studies, independently of the context, the two principal behaviours of the teachers, coaches or instructors are Information and/or observation, and the other behaviours present an variable occurrence; there are some behaviours that are never manifested by the instructors; the positive behaviours prevail in relation to the negatives; the instructors use behaviours that are important as pedagogical strategies to retai...
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to present the reliability of three validated measures, namely the System of Analysis of Instruction in Competition, the Questionnaire on Coach Instructional Behavior Expectations, and the Questionnaire on Coach Instructional Behavior Perception that could be used in a mix-method approach.MethodsThree instruments underwent a robust process of construct and reliability analysis. Inter− and intra-observer reliability was tested for the observational instrument using Cohen’s k-agreement measure. Reliability values above 0.85 were considered as a good agreement between and within observers. To verify the internal consistency of the questionnaires, the correlation coefficients were considered.ResultsThe results related to intra-observer and inter-observer reliability showed that intra-observer reliability k-agreement values ranged between 0.912 and 1 for observer 1, and 0.82 and 1 for observer 2. For inter-observer reliability, k-agreement values ranged between 0.885 and 1 between observers. Thus, values for reliability are above acceptable. The correlation coefficient values recorded for the questionnaires on instruction expectations in the competitive moment were above 0.82 and significant (p < 0.05), and for the questionnaire on instruction perception in competition above 0.88 and significant (p < 0.05). The pilot study showed some divergent results across expectations, behavior during competition, and perception about the instruction behavior.ConclusionThe observational system and the expectations and perceptions questionnaires, used in a complementary way, can be considered as a mix-method approach for studies aiming to examine coaches’ competitive behavior.
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