[1] Sixteen hydrographic surveys were carried out in the middle segment of the Ría de Vigo (northwest Spain) at 3-to 4-day intervals during February, April, July, and September 2002 (four surveys per period). Simultaneously, an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) mooring recorded the velocity profile. Combination of direct current measurements with the output of an inverse model based on the time course of the distributions of salinity and temperature allowed an objective analysis of the effect of the meteorological forces on the hydrodynamics of the Ría. Remote shelf winds explained more than 65% of the variability of the subtidal circulation, which responded immediately to this forcing (lag time, <2 days). Shelf winds created a simple two-layered circulation pattern, with a surface outgoing current under northerly winds and a surface ingoing current under southerly winds. A three-layered circulation developed during the transitions from northerly to southerly winds and vice versa. At the same time, an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis demonstrated the lack of contribution of local winds to the subtidal dynamics of the ría. Continental runoff and heat exchange with the atmosphere explained less than 5% and 25% of the variability observed in the subtidal circulation of the Ría de Vigo.Citation: Piedracoba, S., X. A. Á lvarez-Salgado, G. Rosón, and J. L. Herrera (2005), Short-timescale thermohaline variability and residual circulation in the central segment of the coastal upwelling system of the Ría de Vigo (northwest Spain) during four contrasting periods,

Some genotypes and haplotypes are associated with the diseases. But it seems that the genetic background of the association between RA and PE needs to be explored deeper.

The hydrodynamics of the bottom boundary layer (BBL) in the Ría de Vigo (NW Iberian Peninsula) are studied for the first time, identifying their possible forcing factors and filling a previous lack of knowledge about the coastal upwelling system of NW Iberian Peninsula. For tackling this subject, high resolution time series of bottom currents by means of a downwards looking Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (3 meters above the bottom) were recorded in the inner part of the Ría de Vigo covering the four seasons of the climate year 2004-2005. Our results point to a coupling among bottom residual currents, shelf winds and runoff supporting previous works not directly focused on BBL. Most of the time, 64.5%, 75.4% and 61.6% for residual, tidal and total currents respectively, the bottom currents respond to a logarithmic profile being possible to apply the law of the wall and estimate shear stress. Shear stress variability is controlled by the frequency of wind reversals and modulated by runoff and thermal stratification. Rapid shifts of wind direction favors the generation of shear stress. Intense summer stratification or strong winter mixing of the water column reduces shear stress levels. Runoff by increasing the variability of the velocity pulse direction can favor the development of shear stress. Bottom shear stress reaches levels that are strong enough (~5% of the time in autumn) to re-suspend fine cohesive sediments. This fact comes out to support previous biogeochemistry studies suggesting the occurrence of intense resuspension processes during the autumn season.

Dental caries was an important issue in mixed and athetoid CP groups. Oral habits and malocclusions were the most significant oral health problems in individuals with CP.

Background. It has been reported that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are more likely to exhibit periodontitis than patients without RA. However, the frequency and severity of dental caries in patients with RA is still unknown. Objectives. The aim of the study was to investigate whether higher counts of cariogenic bacteria are present in RA patients in contrast to healthy subjects, and to ascertain whether the frequency and severity of dental caries are increased in RA patients. Material and methods. The study involved 160 adults: an RA group (n = 80) and a control group matched by age and gender (n = 80). The participants' dental status scores were determined based on the following indices: the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, the Filled and Sound Teeth (FS-T) index, Treatment Needs Index (TNI), Care Index (CI), and Integrative Dental Caries Index (IDCI). DNA copies of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus) were quantified using realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results. The IDCI showed that the RA group was more affected, mainly presenting moderate to severe dental caries. The RA group also had higher global DMFT scores than the control group and scored higher on the decayed component of the DMFT index. The TNI and CI indicated that RA patients required more dental attention and appropriate treatment. The Streptococcus mutans count was significantly higher in the RA group. Conclusions. A complete basic oral examination, along with oral health instruction including adequate oral and dental hygiene, is crucial to prevent dental caries and associated complications in RA patients, since they appear to be more vulnerable than the non-RA population.

No abstract

Dental caries is an infectious oral disease originated by the presence of different microorganisms from well-defined biofilms. Many treatments for dental caries have been demonstrated to be successful protocols; however, incidence and prevalence remain still high. Although silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have shown excellent antimicrobial properties, even against different oral bacteria, there is no available scientific information that has evaluated the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs against oral biofilms from subjects with active dental caries. The objective of this research was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of AgNPs in dental biofilms from subjects with and without dental caries. Two sizes of AgNPs were prepared and characterized. Dental plaque samples were collected from 30 subjects with dental caries and 30 subjects with no dental caries. Microbiological analysis was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nanoparticles, and the presence and distribution of microbial strains were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. AgNPs had significant antimicrobial effects against all samples of dental plaque; however, the physical properties of AgNPs, as well as specific sociodemographic and clinical conditions from patients, were also associated with bacterial growth inhibition of Ag particles ( p < 0.05 ). PCR confirmed the presence of oral bacteria associated with dental caries, such as S. mutans and S. sobrinus strains, principally. The AgNPs exhibited great potential to be used as an antimicrobial therapy for the control and prevention of dental caries.

Distribution of P. gingivalis fimA II genotypes was different among groups, it could play a critical role in the presence of PE in RA patients.