La piedra blanca es una micosis superficial crónica y asintomática poco frecuente del pelo causada por Trichosporon spp. (T. asahii, T. cutaneum o T. beigelii, T. inkin y T. mucoides), caracterizada por presentar nódulos blandos, blanquecinos, adheridos a los tallos pilosos, preferentemente del cuero cabelludo, axilas, cejas, pestañas y con menor frecuencia, en la barba, el bigote, el pubis y el perineo. Suele aparecer con mayor frecuencia en zonas de climas templados y tropicales. En los tres casos reportados se tomó muestra de los cabellos con los nódulos sospechosos, se le realizaron pruebas diagnósticas que permitieron confirmar la presencia de estructuras levaduriformes compatibles con Trichosporon spp. Frecuentemente, el motivo de consulta de los pacientes con piedra blanca es porque sospechan que padecen de pediculosis, que es la infestación por piojos, confundiendo los nódulos con liendres; por consiguiente es importante que el médico tenga claro las enfermedades micóticas con las cuales se debe hacer el diagnóstico diferencial para poder orientar y establecer el adecuado tratamiento para el paciente.
Introducción:Las infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud (IAAS) son aquellas infecciones que el paciente adquiere mientras recibe tratamiento y en quien la infección no se había manifestado ni estaba en periodo de incubación en el momento de ingreso. Las IAAS son causadas por bacterias, hongos y virus. Por su parte, la resistencia a los antimicrobianos se produce cuando los microorganismos sufren cambios que no permiten la acción de los medicamentos empleados para tratar las infecciones. Debido a esto, la emergencia y rápida diseminación de infecciones por microorganismos resistentes a los antimicrobianos se considera un problema de salud pública que se asocia con la estancia hospitalaria, morbimortalidad y altos costos para el sistema de salud. En adición a esta problemática, las complicaciones infecciosas constituyen una de las causas más importantes de morbimortalidad en los pacientes oncológicos. Actualmente, las mortalidades más altas se encuentran asociadas a enterobacterias y P. aeruginosa. Es por esto, que el conocimiento adecuado de las infecciones en los pacientes oncológicos y su correcto manejo y prevención son determinantes para reducir sus complicaciones. Método: búsqueda de literatura en bases de datos indexadas. Resultados: En esta revisión se discute la importancia del estudio de las IAAS, las principales bacterias Gram negativas causantes de IAAS en pacientes oncológicos, el uso de antimicrobianos y los principales mecanismos de resistencia antimicrobiana.Conclusión: El estudio y entendimiento de la resistencia antimicrobiana en los procesos infecciosos de pacientes oncológicos, como las IAAS, son indispensables para el control, manejo y prevención de estas infecciones, con el fin de mejorar los tratamientos de los pacientes. AbstractIntroduction: The infections associated with health care (IAAS) are those infections that the patient acquires while receiving treatment and in whom the infection had not manifested or was not in the incubation period at the time of admission. The IAAS are caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses. On the other hand, resistance to antimicrobials occurs when microorganisms undergo changes that do not allow the action of the drugs used to treat infections. Due to this, the emergence and rapid spread of infections by microorganisms resistant to antimicrobials is considered a public health problem that is associated with hospital stay, morbidity and mortality and high costs for the health system. In addition to this problem, infectious complications are one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Currently, the highest mortalities are associated with enterobacteria and P. aeruginosa. This is why the adequate knowledge of infections in cancer patients and their proper management and prevention are crucial to reduce their complications. Methods: A literature search was performed in indexed databases. Results: In this review we discuss the importance of the study of HAIs, the main Gram negative bacteria that cause IAAS in cancer patient...
Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen that causes food poisoning as well as hospital and community acquired infections. Objective: Establish the profile of superantigen genes among hospital isolates in relation to clinical specimen type, susceptibility to antibiotics and hospital or community acquisition. Methods: Eighty one isolates obtained from patients at Colombian hospital, were classified by antimicrobial susceptibility, specimen type and hospital or community acquired . The PCR uniplex and multiplex was used for detection of 22 superantigen genes (18 enterotoxins, tsst-1 and three exfoliative toxins). Results: Ninety five point one percent of isolates harbored one or more of the genes with an average of 5.6 genes. Prevalence of individual genes was variable and the most prevalent was seg (51.9%). 39 genotypes were obtained, and the genotype gimnou (complete egc cluster) was the most prevalent alone (16.0%) and in association with other genes (13.6%). The correlation between presence of superantigens and clinical specimen or antimicrobial susceptibility showed no significant difference. But there was significant difference between presence of superantigens and the origin of the isolates, hospital or community acquired (p= 0.049). Conclusions: The results show the variability of the superantigen genes profile in hospital isolates and shows no conclusive relationship with the clinical sample type and antimicrobial susceptibility, but there was correlation with community and hospital isolates. The analysis of the interplay between virulence, epidemic and antibiotic resistance of bacterial populations is needed to predict the future of infectious diseases.
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium with the ability to survive in extreme acid environments, with pH below 4.0. It is estimated that more than half of the world’s population is infected with this bacterium. Objective: To determine the prevalence, clinical and demographic characteristics of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy in two specialized centers of the Coffee Growing Axis in Pereira and Manizales from February to October 2018. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study in which the proportion of positivity to Helicobacter pylori in a period of time was determined. Results: The study included 94 patients; the prevalence of positivity to Helicobacter pylori was 86.1% (81/94), 56 (59.5%) of which were diagnosed by culture and 52 (55.3%) by histology. In the histological study, of the 24 (25.5%) subjects who presented precursor lesions of malignancy, 9 (9.5%) were positive for Helicobacter pylori, while in the 70 subjects (74.5%) without precursor lesions of malignancy, 43 (45.7%) were positive. The significant variables for Helicobacter pylori infection were: Histological response for precursor lesions of malignancy: OR of 0.3808 (95% CI: 0.1408-0.9907) p=0.04 and epigastric pain: OR 0.09489 (95% CI: 0.01928-0.3637) p=0.001. Conclusion: The frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection in the Departments of Risaralda and Caldas is high, and does not discriminate against gender, age, race or origin of the study subjects; Epigastric pain continues to be the most relevant symptom in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and the combination of diagnostic tests improves the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.