RESUMO -O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o desempenho e as características quantitativas e qualitativas da carcaça de coelhos em crescimento alimentados com rações contendo diferentes níveis de amido (22 e 32% em média) mediante a inclusão de milho grão e diferentes fontes de fibra (feno de alfafa ou casca de soja), em esquema fatorial 2x2. As rações experimentais foram peletizadas e fornecidas à vontade durante um período de 40 dias, para 40 coelhos desmamados aos 35 dias, alojados individualmente e seguindo delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Não foram observados efeitos significativos para a interação entre fonte de fibra e nível de amido sobre os parâmetros avaliados neste estudo. O consumo de alimento foi maior para as rações contendo feno de alfafa (91,27 g/d), mas ganho de peso e conversão alimentar não diferiram estatisticamente entre os tratamentos (média geral de 30,18 g/d e 2,94). O rendimento, teor de proteína, a eficiência protéica e energética de carcaça foram melhores com as rações contendo maiores níveis de amido (50,20; 62,36; 56,38; e 30,04%, respectivamente), mas não diferiram estatisticamente para as fontes de fibra. Assim, rações contendo maiores níveis de amido ou contendo casca de soja propiciaram melhores índices de conversão alimentar e melhores características de carcaça, possivelmente, reflexo de melhor eficiência de utilização dos nutrientes.Palavras-chave: carcaça, casca de soja, coelhos, desempenho, feno de alfafa, milho grão Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Rabbits Fed Diets with Different Starch Levels and Fiber SourcesABSTRACT -The objective of the present study were evaluated the performance, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the carcass in growing rabbits feeding with diets contents different starch levels (22 or 32% on average) by high or low inclusion of corn grain and different fiber sources (alfalfa hay or soybean hulls), in 2x2 factorial design. The experimental diets were pellets and fed ad libitum during 40 days to 40 rabbits weaned at 35 days, housed individually and assigned to a complete randomized design. Significant effects were not observed for the interaction between the fiber sources and the starch levels to the parameters evaluated in this study. Higher feed intake was observed with diets contents alfalfa hay (91.27 g/d), but the weight gain and food conversion were significant affected by the dietary treatments (30,18 g/d and 2.94 general average, respectively). The carcass yield, protein level, protein and energy efficiency in the carcass showed giher values for the diets with high starch levels (50.20, 62.36, 56.38 and 30.04%, respectively). Diets with high starch level or with soybean hulls resulted in better indexes of food conversion and characteristics of the carcass, reflex of a better nutrients utilization efficiency.
RESUMO -Objetivou-se neste estudo a avaliação da atividade microbiana cecal e a contribuição nutricional da cecotrofia em coelhos alimentados com rações contendo diferentes níveis de amido (22 a 32% em média) mediante a inclusão de milho grão e diferentes fontes de fibra (feno de alfafa ou casca de soja), em esquema fatorial 2x2. No primeiro experimento, 40 coelhos alojados em gaiolas de engorda individuais, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e alimentados à vontade dos 45 aos 85 dias de idade, foram abatidos para coleta dos conteúdos ileais e cecais. A concentração de ácidos graxos voláteis foi influenciada pela interação entre tratamentos, sendo 93,82 mmol/ l para ração de maior nível de amido com casca de soja e 80,03 mmol/l para ração de menor nível de amido com feno de alfafa. No segundo experimento, 40 coelhos aos 65 dias de idade, alojados em gaiolas de engorda individuais, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, foram alimentados à vontade por 10 dias, e receberam colares de madeira para permitir a coleta total de cecotrofos. Houve influência da interação entre tratamentos sobre os teores de proteína e energia dos cecotrofos, sendo de 29,66% e 4204,87 kcal/kg para ração contendo maiores níveis de amido e casca de soja e de 27,98% e 4080,46 kcal/kg para ração contendo menores níveis de amido e feno de alfafa. As rações de alto amido ou com casca de soja propiciaram maior enriquecimento do conteúdo cecal e melhor aporte nutricional para os coelhos.Palavras-chave: casca de soja, cecotrofia, coelhos, feno de alfafa, microflora cecal, milho Caecal Microbial Activity and Caecotrophy Nutritional Contribution in Rabbits Fed Diets with Different Starch Levels and Fiber SourcesABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to evaluate the caecal microbial activity and caecotrophy nutritional contribution in rabbits fed diets with differents starch levels (22 or 32% on average) from a high or low inclusion of corn grain and differents fiber sources (alfalfa hay or soybean hulls), in a 2x2 factorial design. In the first experiment, 40 rabbits were individually housed in fattening cages within entirely randomized design, and fed ad libitum from 45 to 85 days of age, when they were slaughtered for collection of the ileal and caecal contents. The VFA total concentration was influenced by the interaction among treatments, being 93.82 mmol/l for the diets with high starch level and soybean hulls and 80.03 mmol/l for the diets with low starch level and alfalfa hay. In the second experiment, 40 rabbits aged 65 days were housed individually in fattening cages, in a completly randomized design, fed ad libitum for 10 days, and then received a wood necklace to allow caecotrophes collection. There was influence of the interaction between treatments on the caecotrophes protein and energy levels, being 29.66% and 4204.87 kcal/kg for the diets with high starch level and soybean hulls, and 27.98% and 4080.46 kcal/kg for the diets with low starch level and alfalfa hay. The diets with high starch level and those with soybean hulls...
RESUMO -O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes com coelhos em crescimento alimentados com rações contendo diferentes níveis de amido (22 a 32% em média) mediante a inclusão de milho grão e diferentes fontes de fibra (feno de alfafa ou casca de soja), em esquema fatorial 2x2. As rações foram peletizadas e fornecidas a 64 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco (16 repetições por tratamento), desmamados aos 34 dias, alojados individualmente em gaiolas de metabolismo e distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Não foram observados efeitos significativos para a interação entre fontes de fibra e níveis de amido. A melhor digestibilidade dos nutrientes foi observada com as rações contendo maior nível de amido (73,56%MS, 74,30%MO, 71,51%PB, 63,89%EB, 95,08% amido, 45,87%FDN, 37,78%FDA, 55,57% hemicelulose, 39,86% celulose), exceto para fração lipídica. Por outro lado, melhor digestibilidade dos nutrientes foi observada com as rações contendo casca de soja (72,37%MS, 73,06%MO, 69,10%PB, 61,74%EB, 76,84%EE, 95,10% amido, 47,00%FDN, 38,42%FDA, 55,51% hemicelulose, 42,42% celulose). Estes resultados sugerem que as rações com maiores níveis de amido ou com casca de soja podem ser utilizadas eficientemente pelos coelhos, respeitando-se as recomendações nutricionais.Palavras-chave: casca de soja, coelhos, digestibilidade, feno de alfafa, milho grão, nutrição Nutrients Apparent Digestibility in Diets with Different Starch Levels and Fiber Source for Growing RabbitsABSTRACT -The objective of the present study was to evaluate the nutrients apparent digestibilities in growing rabbits fed diets with different starch levels (22 or 32% on average) by high or low inclusion of corn grain and different fiber sources (alfalfa hay or soybean hulls), in 2x2 factorial outline. The diets were pelleted and supplied to 64 New Zealand White rabbits (16 replicates per treatment), weaned at 34 days, housed individually in metabolism cages and allotted to a complete randomized design. Significant effects were not observed for the interaction between the starch levels and the fiber sources. The best digestibility was observed with high starch diets (73.56%DM, 74.30%OM, 71.51%CP, 63.89%GE, 95.08% starch, 45.87%NDF, 37.78%ADF, 55.57% hemicellulose, 39.86%cellulose), except for lipid fraction. On the other hand, the best digestibility of nutrients was observed with the diets containing with soybean hulls (72.37%DM, 73.06%OM, 69.10%CP, 61.74%GE, 76.84%EE, 95.10% starch, 47.00%NDF, 38.42%ADF, 55.51% hemicellulose, 42.42% cellulose). These results suggest that diets with high starch levels or soybean hulls can be used efficiently by rabbits, maintaining the nutritional recommendations.Key Words: alfalfa hay, corn grain, digestibility, nutrition, rabbits, soybean hulls 1 Parte da tese de Doutorado do primeiro autor, financiado pela UFV e FAPEMIG. 2 Professor do curso de Zootecnia da UNIOESTE, Mal. Cândido Rondon -PR. E.mail: amvarela39@hotmail.com 3 Professor do curso de Zootecnia da UFV, Viçosa -...
Estimou-se, em um experimento instalado em Viçosa (MG), a tolerância de três cultivares de cebola. Allium cepa L., Baia Periforme Super Precoce, Granex Ouro e Texas Grano 502 PRR. cultivados por semeadura direta, ao Ioxynil e Oxyfluorfen, e a eficiência dos tratamentos com relação ao controle de plantas daninhas. Avaliaram-se três doses de cada herbicida (0,125, 0,250 e 0,375 kg/ha, e 0,096, 0,192, 0,288 kg/ha respectivamente) aplicadas 27 dias após a semeadura, distribuídas em um modelo hierárquico com quatro repetições no delineamento em blocos casualizados. O Ioxynil foi mais seletivo para a cebola do que o Oxyfluorfen, principalmente nas doses mais altas; a mais baixa de Ioxynil mostrou-se inadequada para um controle eficaz da maior parte das plantas daninhas presentes. A tolerância das plantas de cebola foi maior para o cultivar Baia Periforme Super Precoce em relação ao Texas Grano 502 PRR. A suscetibilidade do 'Texas Grano 502 PRR' ao Oxyfluorfen expressou-se por meio de reduções significativas na população final de plantas e na produção de bulbos.
ResumoEste trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes de rações contendo diferentes níveis de rami (Boehmeria nívea) para coelhos. Foram utilizados 36 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco alojados em gaiolas de metabolismo e distribuídos através de delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os animais receberam 6 dietas com níveis crescentes de rami desidratado e moído (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50%), fornecidas ad libitum por um período experimental de 12 dias. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de regressão e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes propiciaram as seguintes respostas aos tratamentos: efeitos lineares para matéria seca -MS (R 2 = 82,35%), proteína bruta -PB (R 2 = 80,00), extrato etéreo -EE (R 2 = 91,87) e energia bruta -EB (R 2 = 83,75), e efeitos quadráticos para fibra em detergente neutro -FDN (R 2 = 89,42) e fibra em detergente ácido -FDA (R 2 = 86,03). A digestibilidade da fração fibrosa apresentou melhor valor com níveis de 20% de rami na dieta (42,05% para FDN e 33,90% para FDA), enquanto que as digestibilidades da fração protéica e energética apresentaram melhores valores com a dieta sem rami (78,22% para PB e 70,95% para EB). Portanto, conclui-se que níveis baixos a moderados de inclusão de rami na ração podem ser utilizados sem promover diminuição significativa na digestibilidade total dos nutrientes. AbstractThis work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the nutrients apparent digestibility of rations containing different levels of rami (Boehmeria nivea) for rabbits. 36 rabbits of the New Zealand White race were housed in metabolism cages through entirely randomized design. The animals received 6 diets with growing levels of milled dehydrated rami in 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%, supplied ad libitum by an experimental period of 12 days. The results were submitted to the regression analysis and the nutrient digestibility showed the following response to the treatments: lineal effects for dry matter -DM (R2 = 82.35%), crude protein -CP (R2 = 80.00), ether extract -EE (R2 = 91.87) and crude energy -CE (R2 = 83.75), and quadratic effects for neutral detergent fiber -NDF (R2 = 89.42) and acid detergent fiber -ADF (R2 = 86.03). The digestibility of fibrous fraction presented better value with 20% of rami in the diet (42.05% for FDN and 33.90% for FDA), while the protein and energy digestibilities presented better values without rami in the diet (78.22% for CP and 70.95% for CE). Therefore, it can be concluded that low levels to moderate levels of rami inclusion in the diet can be used without promoting a significant decrease in the total digestibility of the nutrients.
The aim of this study was to analyze the association between body composition and performance in the karate specific aerobic test (KSAT). This is a study carried out with thirteen athletes (6 females) with a mean age of 20.7 ± 4.2 years, affiliated to the Pernambuco Federation of Karate Associations, were developing this training routine during the 2018 season. Body mass and height were measured. To measure body composition, the body densitometry method was used by the x-ray double-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) technique. Karate Specific Aerobic Test was used to verify aerobic performance. Association analyzes were performed between body composition variables and KSAT performance using Pearson's correlation test and linear regression. All analyzes adopted a significance of p <0.05. KSAT performance was negatively correlated with total fat mass (r = -0.797; p = 0.001) and fat percentage (r = -0.757; p = 0.003). The linear regression model with the highest explanatory power included total fat and KSAT (adjusted R² = 0.732; p <0.001) exhibited a negative association with total fat (? = -0.21; p <0.001), and the model that included % body fat and KSAT (adjusted R² = 0.708; p = 0.003) were negatively associated with% body fat (? = -22.937; p = 0.001), both adjusted for gender and age. There is a negative association between total fat mass, body fat percentage and karate specific aerobic test performance.
The health impacts of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep are well established; thereby, the identification of instruments to assess and monitor these behaviors at a populational level is relevant. In this context, smartwatches, which are wristwatch-shaped devices equipped with sensors, have been identified as alternatives for objectively measuring PA, SB, and sleep. Therefore, this protocol aimed at describing the goals and methods of a scoping review to map the literature on the use of smartwatches to objectively measure PA, SB, and/or sleep across the lifespan (e.g., children, adolescents, adults, and elderly) and in different contexts. Studies will be included if they use smartwatches to objectively measure at least one of the behaviors (PA, SB, and sleep) in children, adolescents, adults, and older adults, published after 2013. No language filter will be applied. Searches will be carried out in six databases (Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Scielo, Health Technology Assessment Database, and Cochrane clinical trials) and two clinical trial repositories. The screening and data extraction will be performed independently by two authors who had previous experience in reviews and technologies. The synthesis of the results will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute framework for extracting the results in scoping reviews. The results can contribute to scientific progress by identifying gaps and research trends, guiding future studies, and informing companies, healthcare professionals, and the general public who use smartwatch as a measurement tool for physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep.
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