IMPORTANCEWith the global population aging, falls and fall-related injuries are ubiquitous, and several clinical practice guidelines for falls prevention and management for individuals 60 years or older have been developed. A systematic evaluation of the recommendations and agreement level is lacking.OBJECTIVES To perform a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines for falls prevention and management for adults 60 years or older in all settings (eg, community, acute care, and nursing homes), evaluate agreement in recommendations, and identify potential gaps. EVIDENCE REVIEW A systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for SystematicReviews and Meta-analyses statement methods for clinical practice guidelines on fall prevention and management for older adults was conducted (updated July 1, 2021) using MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, PEDro, and Epistemonikos databases. Medical Subject Headings search terms were related to falls, clinical practice guidelines, management and prevention, and older adults, with no restrictions on date, language, or setting for inclusion. Three independent reviewers selected records for full-text examination if they followed evidence-and consensus-based processes and assessed the quality of the guidelines using Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II (AGREE-II) criteria. The strength of the recommendations was evaluated using Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation scores, and agreement across topic areas was assessed using the Fleiss κ statistic. FINDINGSOf 11 414 records identified, 159 were fully reviewed and assessed for eligibility, and 15 were included. All 15 selected guidelines had high-quality AGREE-II total scores (mean [SD], 80.1% [5.6%]), although individual quality domain scores for clinical applicability (mean [SD], 63.4% [11.4%]) and stakeholder (clinicians, patients, or caregivers) involvement (mean [SD], 76.3% [9.0%]) were lower. A total of 198 recommendations covering 16 topic areas in 15 guidelines were identified after screening 4767 abstracts that proceeded to 159 full texts. Most (Ն11) guidelines strongly recommended performing risk stratification, assessment tests for gait and balance, fracture and osteoporosis management, multifactorial interventions, medication review, exercise promotion, environment modification, vision and footwear correction, referral to physiotherapy, and cardiovascular interventions. The strengths of the recommendations were inconsistent for vitamin D supplementation, addressing cognitive factors, and falls prevention education. Recommendations on use of hip protectors and digital technology or wearables were often missing. None of the examined guidelines included a patient or caregiver panel in their deliberations.

Many nations responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by restricting travel and other activities during 2020, resulting in temporarily reduced emissions of CO 2 , other greenhouse gases and ozone and aerosol precursors. We present the initial results from a coordinated Intercomparison, CovidMIP, of Earth system model simulations which assess the impact on climate of these emissions reductions. Twelve models performed multiple initial-condition ensembles to produce over 300 simulations spanning both initial condition and model structural uncertainty. We find model consensus on reduced aerosol amounts (particularly over southern and eastern Asia) and associated increases in surface shortwave radiation levels. However, any impact on near-surface temperature or rainfall during 2020-2024 is extremely small and is not detectable in this initial analysis. Regional analyses on a finer scale, and closer attention to extremes (especially linked to changes in atmospheric composition and air quality) are required to test the impact of COVID-19-related emission reductions on near-term climate. Plain Language Summary Many nations responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by restricting travel and other activities during 2020. This caused a temporary reduction in emissions of CO 2 and other pollutants. We compare results from twelve Earth system models to see if the emissions reductions affected climate. These twelve models performed over 300 experiments using multiple initial-conditions. We find a consensus that aerosol amounts were reduced, especially over southern and eastern Asia, during 2020-2024. This led to increases in solar radiation reaching the surface in this region. However, we could not detect any associated impact on temperature or rainfall. We recommend more analyses on regional scales. We also suggest that analysis of extreme weather and air quality would be useful to test the impact on climate of emission reductions due to COVID-19.

No abstract

Objetivo: Determinar los factores más frecuentemente asociados a la depresión en adultos mayores residentes en once comunidades altoandinas de Perú. Materiales y métodos: El estudio fue realizado en residentes mayores de 60 años de once comunidades altoandinas de Perú. Se utilizaron como instrumentos, el tamizaje de depresión según Cuestionario de Yesavage ultracorto (Diagnostico de depresión con un score de 3 o más puntos); y autorreporte de depresión, que utilizó la siguiente pregunta: ¿Se siente frecuentemente triste o deprimido? Además, se recolectó datos sociodemográficos, presencia de Síndromes Geriátricos y Comorbilidades. Se realizó un análisis bivariado usando análisis de regresión, Chi cuadrado y prueba T de Student para grupos independientes. Resultados: La población de estudio fue de 371 participantes. Se encontró un 40,7% de residentes que presentaban depresión según Cuestionario de Yesavage y 37,5% según el autorreporte sobre depresión. Las comorbilidades y síndromes geriátricos fueron más frecuentes en participantes con depresión (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre el promedio de edad y la frecuencia de población rural y el diagnostico de depresión, según el cuestionario de Yesavage. Así mismo, se encontró asociación entre las comorbilidades y síndromes geriátricos, utilizando el cuestionario de Yesavage y el autorreporte, en adultos mayores de once comunidades autoandinas.

Background our aim was to assess the effectiveness of medication review and deprescribing interventions as a single intervention in falls prevention. Methods   Design systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO until 28 March 2022. Eligibility criteria randomised controlled trials of older participants comparing any medication review or deprescribing intervention with usual care and reporting falls as an outcome. Study records title/abstract and full-text screening by two reviewers. Risk of bias Cochrane Collaboration revised tool. Data synthesis results reported separately for different settings and sufficiently comparable studies meta-analysed. Results forty-nine heterogeneous studies were included. Community meta-analyses of medication reviews resulted in a risk ratio (RR) of 1.05 (95% confidence interval, 0.85–1.29, I2 = 0%, 3 studies(s)) for number of fallers, in an RR = 0.95 (0.70–1.27, I2 = 37%, 3 s) for number of injurious fallers and in a rate ratio (RaR) of 0.89 (0.69–1.14, I2 = 0%, 2 s) for injurious falls. Hospital meta-analyses assessing medication reviews resulted in an RR = 0.97 (0.74–1.28, I2 = 15%, 2 s) and in an RR = 0.50 (0.07–3.50, I2 = 72% %, 2 s) for number of fallers after and during admission, respectively. Long-term care meta-analyses investigating medication reviews or deprescribing plans resulted in an RR = 0.86 (0.72–1.02, I2 = 0%, 5 s) for number of fallers and in an RaR = 0.93 (0.64–1.35, I2 = 92%, 7 s) for number of falls. Conclusions the heterogeneity of the interventions precluded us to estimate the exact effect of medication review and deprescribing as a single intervention. For future studies, more comparability is warranted. These interventions should not be implemented as a stand-alone strategy in falls prevention but included in multimodal strategies due to the multifactorial nature of falls. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020218231

No abstract

Objetivo: Conocer el perfil del cuidador de adulto mayor en situación de pandemia por SARS-COV-2, Lima-Perú. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional y transversal; población conformada por 92 cuidadores de adulto mayor, no familiares y que reciben remuneración, ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años, participación voluntaria; adultos mayores residentes en distritos de Lima norte, estrato económico C y D. Se evaluó en el cuidador variables sociodemográficas, formación/capacitación, vacunas, autoconfianza o autoseguridad y grado de angustia o estrés; las variables del adulto mayor fueron las sociodemográficas, vacunas, discapacidades y enfermedad. Se completó cuestionario de forma virtual durante la última semana de marzo de 2020. Resultados: perfil del cuidador, edad media 33,48 años, 95,7% sexo femenino, 77,2% no tienen capacitación en lavado de manos, 96,7% sin capacitación en el manejo de estrés en adulto mayor. La autoconfianza o autoseguridad para con el cuidado del adulto mayor fue 1,97 (escala de 0 a 5) y el grado de angustia o estrés durante el cuidado 8,03 (escala de 0 a 10). Conclusiones: se evidencia deficiencias en el perfil del cuidador que tiene a su cargo al adulto mayor, se hace urgente el desarrollo de estrategias para revertir el problema, la priorización de acciones para el cuidado del adulto mayor como persona vulnerable son urgentes. Las estrategias deben incluir capacitación del cuidador, automanejo de estrés y acceso a servicios de atención domiciliaria entre otras.

El rápido envejecimiento poblacional, los cambios epidemiológicos y la necesidad de garantizar derechos humanos (salud, protección social, etc.), obligan a que los estados y la comunidad en general tome conciencia y desarrolle políticas que sirvan de base para una estrategia de mantenimiento de la salud y cuidado de los adultos mayores. Esto debe diseñarse tomando en cuenta las particularidades de este grupo etáreo, y la necesidad de adecuación de los servicios socio sanitario para brindar un cuidado con calidad y equidad.La adecuación de los servicios implica el reconocimiento las nuevas necesidades, las particularidades de los riesgos y problemas de esta etapa de vida, la atención integral, e inclusive el cuidado digno y basado en evidencia al final de la vida. Ante nuevos problemas y nuevas metas, se requieren nuevas competencias, nuevos escenarios de trabajo y un sistema de información que permita mejorar la eficiencia y calidad de las intervenciones.