This paper discusses the trust-management toolkit, which is a robust and configurable protection system augmentation, which can successfully function in the presence of an untrusted (malfunctioning) smart grid (i.e., communication-based, protection system nodes). The trust-management toolkit combines reputation-based trust with network-flow algorithms to identify and mitigate faulty smart-grid protection nodes. The toolkit assigns trust values to all protection nodes. Faulty nodes, attributed to component or communication system malfunctions (either intentional or unintentional), are assigned a lower trust value, which indicates a higher risk of failure to mitigate detected faults. The utility of the toolkit is demonstrated through simulations comparing "enhanced" backup and special protection systems to original "unenhanced" systems via an analysis of variance analysis. The results show promise for the toolkit in the smart-grid protection system.
New standards and initiatives in the U.S. electric power grid are moving in the direction of a smarter grid. Media attention has focused prominently on smart meters in distribution systems, but big changes are also occurring in the domains of protection, control, and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. These changes promise to enhance the reliability of the electric power grid and to allow it to safely operate closer to its limits, but there is also a real danger concerning the introduction of network communication vulnerabilities to so-called cyber attacks. This article advocates the use of a reputationbased trust management system as one method to mitigate such attacks. A simulated demonstration of the potential for such systems is illustrated in the domain of backup protection systems. The simulation results show the promise of this proposed technique.
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