The consumer market is increasingly concerned with animal foods they consume and especially the conditions in which they are kept during the production period. The posture of poultry is one of the sectors in which these concerns become increasingly demanding, because in industrial poultry farming these animals are kept in cages throughout the production cycle, although the space is considered sufficient for these birds can jogging, that space does not allow the birds to express some characteristics of their natural behavior (taking sand bath up and down perches, have ample room to explore) this behavior is observed in semi-confined system, hillbilly, or organic. Although these systems have certain similarities, they differ in some respects, the organic is certified by bodies, which can be certifying companies, which are in turn supervised by Ministry of Agriculture and Supply, which differs from other . Sanity in the case of organic creation must be made without the use of veterinary medicinal products, and only the mandatory vaccine should be offered to animals, ensuring production within the requirement of the international standards of organic production organization.
SUMMARYSoil sampling should provide an accurate representation of a given area so that recommendations for amendments of soil acidity, fertilization and soil conservation may be drafted to increase yield and improve the use of inputs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variability of soil fertility properties of Oxisols in areas planted to sugarcane in the State of Goias, Brazil. Two areas of approximately 8,100 m 2 each were selected, representing two fields of the Goiasa sugarcane mill in Goiatuba. The sugarcane crop had a row spacing of 1.5 m and subsamples were taken from 49 points in the row and 49 between the row with a Dutch auger at depths of 0.0-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m, for a total of 196 subsamples for each area. The samples were individually subjected to chemical analyses of soil fertility (pH in CaCl 2 , potential acidity, organic matter, P, K, Ca and Mg) and particle size analysis. The number of subsamples required to compose a sample within the acceptable ranges of error of 5, 10, 20 and 40 % of each property were computed from the coefficients of variation and the Student t-value for 95 % confidence. The soil properties under analysis exhibited different variabilities: high (P and K), medium (potential acidity, Ca and Mg) and low (pH, organic matter and clay content). Most of the properties analyzed showed an error of less than 20 % for a group of 20 subsamples, except for P and K, which were capable of showing an error greater than 40 % around the mean. The extreme variability in phosphorus, particularly at the depth of 0.2-0.4 m, attributed to banded application of high rates of P fertilizers at planting, places limitations on assessment of its availability due to the high number of subsamples required for a composite sample.Index terms: Saccharum spp., soil sampling, soil analysis, spatial distribution. RESUMO: VARIABILIDADE DE ATRIBUTOS DE FERTILIDADE DO SOLO EM ÁREAS CULTIVADAS COM CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NO ESTADO DE GOIÁSA amostragem de solo deve representar adequadamente a área avaliada, visando à elaboração de recomendações de medidas de correção da fertilidade e conservação dos solos, a fim de elevar a produtividade e melhorar o aproveitamento de insumos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade de atributos de fertilidade de Latossolos em áreas de renovação de cana-de-açúcar no Estado de Goiás. Foram selecionadas duas áreas de aproximadamente 8.100 m 2 na usina Goiasa, município de Goiatuba, consideradas representativas de dois talhões cultivados com cana-de-açúcar, com espaçamento entrelinhas de 1,5 m. Em cada uma das áreas selecionadas, foi realizada amostragem do solo em malha, nas linhas de plantio e nas entrelinhas, com trado holandês. Coletaram-se amostras simples (subamostras) em 49 pontos amostrais nas linhas e 49 nas entrelinhas, nas profundidades de 0,0-0,2 e 0,2-0,4 m, totalizando 196 amostras simples em cada área de estudo, que foram analisadas individualmente. As amostras foram submetidas a análises químicas de fertilidade do solo (pH em CaCl 2 , acidez potencial, mat...
Abstract:The host status of eighteen progenies and two cultivars (FB 200 Yellow Master and FB 300 Araguari)
Screening passion fruit genotypes to target resistance to scab and bacterial blight may play an important role in reducing the application of chemical products and decreasing losses caused by these diseases. It is likely that resistant genotypes can be found in ongoing breeding programs targeting production traits. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the host status of eighteen passion fruit genotypes from the Breeding Program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa and two cultivars (FB 200 Yellow Master and FB 300 Araguari) of yellow passion fruit to scab (Cladosporium herbarum) and bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae). The fungus and the bacterium were artificially inoculated on wounded leaves at concentrations of 1 x 10 6 spores mL -1 and 1 x 10 8 cfu mL -1 . Scab incidence and severity were assessed at 7, 14, 21, and 31 days after inoculation (DAI); whereas bacterial blight evaluations were performed at 10, 20, 28, and 44 DAI. The genotypes CRP 01-12 to CRP 16-12 and CRP 19-12 are moderately resistant to scab. All genotypes are highly susceptible to bacterial blight. Key words: Bacterial spot. Cladosporiosis. Passiflora edulis. Resistance. ResumoA seleção de genótipos de maracujazeiro visando resistência à verrugose e bacteriose pode ter importante papel na redução da aplicação de produtos químicos e perdas causadas por essas doenças. É provável que genótipos resistentes possam ser encontrados em programas de melhoramento visando seleção de caracteres relacionados à produção. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a hospedabilidade de dezoito genótipos de maracujazeiro-azedo provenientes do Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (CRP 01-12 a CRP 16-12, CRP 19-12 e CRP 20-12) e dois cultivares comerciais (FB 200 Yellow Master e FB 300 Araguari) à verrugose (causada por Cladosporium herbarum) e bacteriose (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae). O fungo e a bactéria foram inoculados em folhas com ferimentos nas concentrações de 1 x 10 6 esporos mL -1 e 1 x 10 8 ufc mL -1 . A incidência e a severidade de verrugose foram avaliadas aos 7, 14, 21 e 31 dias após a inoculação (DAI); enquanto que as avaliações da bacteriose foram aos 10, 20, 28 e 44 DAI. Os genótipos CRP 01-12 a CRP 16-12 e CRP 19-12 são moderamente resistentes à verrugose. Todos os genótipos são altamente suscetíveis à bacteriose. Palavras-chave: Mancha bacteriana. Cladosporiose. Passiflora edulis. Resistência.
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