Infiltration of surgical wounds with long-acting local anaesthetics (LA) is used to reduce postoperative incisional pain. We hypothesised that infiltration with LA interferes with wound healing in rats. Seventy-two rats were allocated into nine groups. After intraperitoneal anaesthesia, the interscapular dorsal region was infiltrated with equivolumes of saline, 0·5% bupivacaine or ropivacaine, in a randomised double-blind fashion. A standardised incision was performed in the infiltrated area and sutured closed. The rats were euthanised on the 3rd or 14th day after the operation and tissue from the incision site was subjected to histochemical analyses and mechanical testing (MT). Compared with the control group, bupivacaine displayed a significant increase in the macrophage number on day 3 (+63% versus +27% for ropivacaine). The transforming growth factor β-1 expression had a significant increase in the LA (versus saline) groups, +63% in ropivacaine group and +115% in bupivacaine group on day 3 (P < 0·05). The collagen fibres as measured by dyed area were significantly higher in the bupivacaine group on day 3 (+56%, P < 0·01 versus +15% for ropivacaine). CD34 was reduced in bupivacaine group (-51%, P < 0·05 versus +3% for ropivacaine). On day 14, no statistical differences were observed in either LA group (versus saline) with respect to histopathologic or inflammatory mediators. MT on day 14 showed no differences between the LA and saline groups. The LA-induced increases in histological markers did not extend beyond the third day, suggesting that wound infiltration with long-acting LA does not impair the wound healing process in rats.
The objective of this study was to analyze the oxidative stress of skeletal muscle of sedentary rats at the morphological and biochemical level, due to acute physical effort performed at different intensities and during different periods of time. Forty-two male sedentary Wistar rats were divided into two groups, group A (swimming for 50 min) and group B (swimming for 100 min), which were further subdivided into 3 different exercise intensities, non-weight bearing (subgroup I), 3% weight load (subgroup II), and 5% weighted load (subgroup III), as well as a control-rested group (C). The animals were killed by ether inhalation and fragments of the gastrocnemius muscle were removed for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and vitamin E concentrations. When all groups were compared with the control-rested group (C), gastrocnemius MDA levels at 50 and 100 min were higher at all swimming intensities. GSH consumption was greater at all intensities in group A, and only at 100 min in group BI; vitamin E consumption was significantly higher only in groups BII and BIII. When groups were compared by intensity at each swimming time there were no differences between I, II, and III at 50 min for any of the substances analyzed (MDA, GSH, and vitamin E), but at 100 min opposite effects were observed for GSH and vitamin E, with vitamin E consumption and GSH recovery occurring with increasing weight load. Higher concentrations of skeletal muscle MDA could indicate elevated lipid peroxidation at each time and exercise intensity, with highest MDA levels observed after the longest exercise duration and at the highest intensity. The layer-line mode of utilization of body antioxidants could explain the concentrations of GSH and vitamin E: first the use of GSH, even with minor oxidative stress, and then vitamin E consumption only in the presence of greater and more prolonged oxidative stress, indicating the necessity of adequate body levels of both antioxidants for proper utilization by the body antioxidant defense system.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an undesirable clinical condition with physiological, biochemical, clinical, and metabolic factors that contribute to increased cardiovascular risks (CR). A poor sleep quality might be found in obese and MetS individuals. Whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise has been used on the management of MetS individuals. This clinical trial investigated the effect of WBV exercise on parameters related to the sleep quality in MetS individuals. After randomization, nine individuals (seven women and two men) were exposed to a fixed frequency (FF) and ten individuals (eight women and two men) were exposed to a variable frequency (VF). Both groups performed the protocol twice a week, for 6 weeks. All of the evaluations were performed before the first and after the last sessions. Anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters were measured before and after the 6-week intervention. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Berlin Questionnaire were also used to evaluate the quality of the sleep. A significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction of the waist circumference in the VFG and an increase of the heart rate were found in the FFG and VFG group. The score of the PSQI of the both groups decreased significantly (p = 0.01). The score of the ESS decreased (p = 0.04) only in the VF group. The scores of the Berlin Questionnaire were not altered in both groups. In conclusion, WBV intervention was capable in interfering with physiological mechanisms with effects on the WC and HR, leading to the improvement of the quality of sleep in MetS individuals. WBV exercise might be an important clinical intervention to the management of some factors associated with poor quality of sleep (FFG and VFG) and in the daytime sleepiness in MetS individuals with variable frequencies (5–16 Hz) (VFG).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.