Aims: To evaluate productivity and nutrient supply in 'Gigante' cactus pear with regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) using wastewater, compared to RDI using common water and fertilization with bovine manure. Study Design: Treatments: no fertilization and no irrigation (T1); no fertilization and RDI with wastewater (0.6 L plant-1 week-1) (T2); no fertilization and RDI with wastewater (1.2 L plant-1 week-1, applied once a week) (T3); no fertilization and RDI with wastewater (1.2 L plant-1 week-1, divided into two applications per week) (T4); with organic fertilization (60 Mg ha-1 of bovine manure) and RDI with common water (1.2 L plant-1 week-1) (T5); and with organic fertilization (60 Mg ha-1 of bovine manure) and no irrigation (T6). The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, with five replicates. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out between October 2015 and August 2017 at Instituto Federal Baiano, Guanambi Campus, Brazil. Methodology: Productivity of green and dry matter, amount of macro and micronutrients applied in the soil by wastewater and by organic fertilizer, macro and micronutrient contents present in the cladodes tissues, and macro and micronutrient contents in the soil were evaluated. The wastewater used was collected in the stabilization pond of the campus. Results: Green matter yield was significantly higher in irrigated treatments. Regarding dry matter, its value was higher in T5 and it did not differ statistically in the others. Conclusions: RDI, using common water, provided a yield of green matter 2.47 times higher than in non-irrigated treatment with the same fertilization; in the absence of organic fertilization, RDI, using wastewater, provided a yield of green matter 1.96 times higher than in non-irrigated treatment; in the absence of irrigation, organic fertilization does not provided a yield higher than in non-fertilized treatment; and the contribution of N, K, Cu, Zn and Mn only by the wastewater is not enough to sustain the crop's productivity in the long term.

RESUMO.O trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a contaminação microbiológica do perfil do solo com esgoto sanitário sob tratamento prévio. O experimento foi montado no delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC) com três repetições. Os seguintes tratamentos foram usados: T -solo sem irrigação; MC -solo com aplicação de água doce e MR -solo com 350 aplicações de água residuária. Foram coletadas amostras de solo, um dia após a última aplicação do efluente para análise microbiológica. Os resultados comprovaram que no MR a contaminação por coliformes termotolerantes na superfície do solo foi mínima e sem risco para a saúde do homem, chegando à ausência de contaminação a 1,00 m de profundidade.Palavras-chave: água residuária, coliformes termotolerantes, fertirrigação.ABSTRACT. Microbiological contamination of soil by sewage. The microbiological contamination of soil by pretreated domestic sewage was analyzed. An experiment featuring randomized block design (RBD) with three replicates was undertaken. The treatments comprised: T -non-irrigated soil; MC -soil with fresh water; MR -soil with 350 applications of wastewater. Soil samples were collected one day after the last effluent application of effluent so that microbiological analysis would be undertaken. Results show that the contamination of soil surface by fecal coliforms in the case of MR was minimum and without any risk to health human. Absence of contamination was reported up to 1,00 m depth.

This study aimed to evaluate the productive characteristics, gas exchange and water use efficiency of the banana 'Prata-Anã' clone Gorutuba under different irrigation intervals associated with different emitter heights. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme: two irrigation intervals (daily and every two days) and four emitter heights (50, 70, 90, and 110 cm) in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The irrigation depths applied by the microsprinkler irrigation system were calculated as a function of crop evapotranspiration. The gas exchanges were evaluated during the period of greatest climatic stress, and the productive characteristics were evaluated at harvest. The economic water use efficiency was determined indirectly by considering the production divided by the applied irrigation depth, which was the same in all the treatments. The instantaneous water use efficiency was estimated with an infrared gas analyzer in the critical climatic period. There was no interaction between the irrigation intervals and emitter heights. The two-day irrigation interval resulted in lower values of leaf temperature and photosynthetically active radiation incident on the leaves, resulting in a higher fruit weight and, consequently, higher yields and a higher water use efficiency. The highest fruit weights were obtained at heights of 70 and 90 cm.

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potential of the alcoholic extract of LCC (Cashew Nut Liquid) in the control of Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in caupi beans culture.

This study aimed to evaluate the yield and survival rate of 'Gigante' cactus pear (Opuntia fícus indica) cultivated with regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) using wastewater under semiarid soil and climatic conditions. The experiment was carried out between October 2015 and August 2017 at Instituto Federal Baiano, campus Guanambi, Brazil. The treatments were as follows: no fertilization and no irrigation (T1); no fertilization and RDI with wastewater (0.6 L plant-1 week-1) (T2); no fertilization and RDI with wastewater (1.2 L plant-1 week-1, applied once a week) (T3); no fertilization and RDI with wastewater (1.2 L plant-1 week-1, divided into two applications per week) (T4) with organic fertilization (60 Mg ha-1 of bovine manure) and RDI with common water (1.2 L plant-1 week-1) (T5) and with organic fertilization (60 Mg ha-1 of bovine manure) and no irrigation (T6). The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replicates. Based on the results, we concluded that (i) regulated deficit irrigation using wastewater increased the productivity of 'Gigante' cactus pear when compared to the rainfed crop and (ii) the application of 0.6 L plant-1 week-1 was sufficient to increase the survival rate of 'Gigante' cactus pear under prolonged drought conditions.

This study aims to evaluate the water footprint of cactus pear cultivated under different irrigation strategies. Treatments were: no fertilization and no irrigation (T1); no fertilization and deficit irrigation (DI) with wastewater (0.6 L plant-1 week-1) (T2); no fertilization and DI with wastewater (1.2 L plant-1 week-1, once a week) (T3); no fertilization and DI with wastewater (1.2 L plant-1week-1, divided in two weekly applications) (T4); with organic fertilization (60 Mg ha-1 of bovine manure) and DI with blue water (1.2 L plant-1 week-1) (T5); and with organic fertilization (60 Mg ha-1 of bovine manure) and no irrigation (T6). Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized blocks design, with five replicates. Productivity, nutrients applied and consumption of green and blue water were evaluated. The water footprint was lower in treatments irrigated with wastewater than in the other treatments. The DI, using blue water, makes it possible to increase crop productivity without increasing water footprint; in the absence of irrigation, organic fertilization does not reduce the water footprint; the DI, using wastewater, makes it possible to increase crop productivity while decreasing water footprint.

RESUMO.Neste trabalho, teve-se como objetivo estudar a alteração nas características físicas do solo decorrentes da aplicação de esgoto doméstico tratado. O experimento foi montado no delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC) com três repetições. O solo da área experimental é Cambissolo; o relevo é acidentado; o clima é Cwb com verões chuvosos e invernos frios e secos; as aplicações da água doce e do esgoto doméstico tratado foram feitas via sistema de irrigação por gotejamento. Os seguintes tratamentos foram usados: Tsolo sem irrigação; MC -solo com aplicação de água doce e MR -solo com aplicação de esgoto doméstico tratado. Amostras de solo foram coletadas nas camadas de 0 a 0,20; 0,20 a 0,40 e 0,40 a 0,60 m para análises físicas (massa específica do solo, microporosidade, macroporosidade, capacidade de campo, ponto de murcha permanente e condutividade hidráulica). Os resultados comprovaram que MC e MR aumentaram a massa específica, a microporosidade e a capacidade de campo e que diminuíram a macroporosidade e a condutividade hidráulica do solo em relação à T.Palavras-chave: água residuária, aplicação localizada, macro e microporosidade.ABSTRACT. Alteration on physical characteristics of the soil decurrent from application of treated domestic sewage. This study examined the alteration on physical characteristics of the soil decurrent from application of treated domestic sewage. The randomized blocks design was used with three replicates. The soil of the experimental area is Cambissolo; the topography is rugged; the climate is Cwb with rainy summer and cold and dry winter; the applications of the domestic sewage were via drip irrigation system. The treatments were: T -non-irrigated soil; MC -soil with application of clean water; and MR -soil with application of treated domestic sewage. Soil samples were collected in the layers of 0 to 0.20, 0.20 to 0.40, and 0.40 to 0.60 m for physical analysis (bulk density, microporosity, macroporosity, field capacity, wilting point and hydraulic conductivity). The results evidenced that MC and MR increased the bulk density, microporosity and field capacity, however diminished the macroporosity and hydraulic conductivity of the soil in relation to the T.Key words: wastewater, trickle application, macro and microporosity. IntroduçãoO uso de águas residuárias na agricultura tem sido uma alternativa de minimizar problemas ambientais, proporcionados pelo lançamento das mesmas em cursos d'água, além de favorecer incremento na produtividade agrícola, que depende de fatores como: cultura, disponibilidade de nutrientes no efluente, demanda nutricional das plantas e manejo. No entanto, a utilização de águas residuárias na agricultura requer o desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de técnicas que visem à minimização dos riscos de contaminação do solo, do produto agrícola e dos agricultores.Dentre as tecnologias disponíveis para o tratamento de esgotos domésticos ou a destinação final de efluentes líquidos, destaca-se o método de disposição de água no solo, cuja técnica vem sendo utilizada em...