This study examined the structure and trends of climate parameters important to winegrape production from 1952 to 2006 in the Alt Penedès, Priorat, and Segrià regions of NE Spain. Average and extreme temperature and precipitation characteristics from 3 stations in the regions were organized into annual, growing season, and phenological growth stage periods and used to assess potential impacts on vineyard and wine quality, and changes in varietal suitability. Results show an overall growing season warming of 1.0 to 2.2°C, with significant increases in heat accumulation indices that are driven mostly by increases in maximum temperature (average Tmax, number of days with Tmax > 90th percentile, and number of days with Tmax > 30°C). Changes in many temperature parameters show moderate to strong relationships with vine and wine parameters in the 3 regions, including earlier phenological events concomitant with warmer growing seasons, higher wine quality with higher ripening diurnal temperature ranges, and reduced production in the warmest vintages. While trends in annual and growing season precipitation were not evident, precipitation during the bloom to véraison period declined significantly for all 3 sites, indicating potential soil moisture stress during this critical growth stage. Shorter-term analysis of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) reveals that the current impact per 1°C of growing season (Apr to Oct) warming is an increase in water demands in the region by 6 to 14%. These observations, combined with climate projections, indicate potential disruption of climate-variety balance, increasing water stress, and challenges in producing quality wines without the adoption of appropriate adaptive measures.
KEY WORDS: Winegrapes · Wine · Bioclimatic indices · Climate change · Temperature · Precipitation
Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherClim Res 38: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] 2008 decadal fluctuation in the climate system, but they may also indicate longer-term trends related to anthropogenic climate change (Adams et al. 2001). On the other hand, changes in the frequency and distribution of precipitation are expected due to increased rates of the hydrological cycle, likely affecting water supplies for both urban and agricultural uses. In Europe, for example, Karl (1998), Beniston & Tol (1998), Sumner et al. (2001), andLana et al. (2003) showed decreasing rainfall trends or changes in seasonality of precipitation for much of the Mediterranean region. The interannual variability of the Mediterranean climate makes it difficult to assess tendencies in rainfall distribution patterns and potential impacts of climate change. Nevertheless, some recent studies point out significant changes in extreme events such as more frequent and extreme droughts, increases in cool-season precipitation, and warmseason drying (Easterling et al. 2000a,b, Ramos 2001, Sumner et al. 2001, Brunetti et al. 2002, Klein Tank & Können 2003, Ramos & Martínez-Casasnovas 200...
