Many software projects are no longer done in-house by a single organization. Instead, we are in a new age where software is developed by a networked community of individuals and organizations, which base their relations to each other on mutual interest. Paradoxically, recent research suggests that software development can actually be jointly-developed by rival firms. For instance, it is known that the mobile-device makers Apple and Samsung kept collaborating in open source projects while running expensive patent wars in the court. Taking a case study approach, we explore how rival firms collaborate in the open source arena by employing a multi-method approach that combines qualitative analysis of archival data (QA) with mining software repositories (MSR) and Social Network Analysis (SNA). While exploring collaborative processes within the OpenStack ecosystem, our research contributes to Software Engineering research by exploring the role of groups, sub-communities and business models within a high-networked open source ecosystem. Surprising results point out that competition for the same revenue model (i.e., operating conflicting business models) does not necessary affect collaboration within the ecosystem. Moreover, while detecting the different sub-communities of the OpenStack community, we found out that the expected social tendency of developers to work with developers from same firm (i.e., homophily) did not hold within the OpenStack ecosystem. Furthermore, while addressing a novel, complex and unexplored open source case, this research also contributes to the management literature in coopetition strategy and high-tech entrepreneurship with a rich description on how heterogeneous actors within a high-networked ecosystem (involving individuals, startups, established firms and public organizations) joint-develop a complex infrastructure for big-data in the open source arena.

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In an era of software crisis, the move of firms towards distributed software development teams is being challenged by emerging collaboration issues. On this matter, the open-source phenomenon may shed some light, as successful cases on distributed collaboration in the open-source community have been recurrently reported. In this paper, we explore the collaboration networks in the WebKit open-source project, by mining WebKit's source-code version-control-system data with Social Network Analysis (SNA). Our approach allows us to observe how key events in the mobile-device industry have affected the WebKit collaboration network over time. With our findings, we show the explanation power from network visualizations capturing the collaborative dynamics of a high-networked software project over time; and highlight the power of the open-source fork concept as a nexus enabling both features of competition and collaboration. We also reveal the WebKit project as a valuable research site manifesting the novel notion of open-coopetition, where rival firms collaborate with competitors in the open-source community.

The aim of this paper is to review the results of the assessment of low-temperature geothermal resources (issue temperatures between 41 and 77°C) that occur in the Portuguese mainland. For this purpose, a multidisciplinary approach, including geologic, tectonic, geochemical, geophysical and isotopic (δ 2 H, δ 18 O, δ 13 C, 3 H and 14 C) techniques, was applied in order to update local and/or regional conceptual circulation models. Three case studies of N-Portugal are presented and discussed. This paper describes different low-temperature geothermal waters presenting similar hydrogeological conceptual models but rather different geochemical signatures (e.g., HCO 3 -Na with pH ≈ 8, HCO 3 /Na/ CO 2 -rich with pH ≈ 7 and HCO 3 -Na with pH ≈ 9, type waters). In fact, in the studied low-temperature geothermal systems, local/ regional high altitude sites associated with highly fractured rocks play an important role in conducting the infiltrated meteoric waters towards the discharge zones near the Spas. The discharge zones are mainly related to the intersection of major regional fault lineaments (and conjugate structures), responsible for creating the mineral waters ascent. In some cases, geochemical and isotopic data point out to the existence of anthropogenic contamination of some geothermal spring waters related to the intense use of fertilizers in areas of widespread agricultural practices.

INTRODUÇÃOCom as influências da fenomenologia e do existencialismo desenvolveram-se vários modelos terapêuticos que podem ser genericamente designados por psicoterapia existencial e definidos como métodos de relação interpessoal e de análise psicológica cujo objectivo é o de facilitar na pessoa do cliente um auto-conhecimento e uma autonomia psicológica suficiente para que ele possa assumir livremente a sua existência (Villegas, 1988). Importa desde já referir que não se constituem como técnicas de cura da perturbação mental, mas sim como intervenções cuja finalidade principal é ajudar o crescimento pessoal e facilitar o encontro do indivíduo com a autenticidade da sua existência, de forma assumi-la e a projectá-la mais livremente no mundo. Em qualquer caso, o centro é o indivíduo e não a perturbação mental. Esta, quando presente, é vista como resultado de dificuldades do indivíduo em fazer escolhas mais autênticas e significativas, pelo que as intervenções terapêuticas privilegiam a auto-consciência, a auto-compreensão e a auto--determinação.Do encontro entre a fenomenologia, o existencialismo, a Psicologia e a Psicopatologia resultou um amplo movimento de ideias, reflexão, investigação e intervenção (Jonckeere, 1989). Trata-se de um conjunto heterogéneo de possibilidades de intervenção terapêutica de base fenomenológico-existencial, uma pluralidade de métodos e de teorias que, contudo, podem classificar-se em dois grupos diferentes: a psicoterapia experiencial e a psicoterapia existencial. As diferenças podem estabelecer-se ao nível dos seus objecto, objectivos e propostas ou modelos de intervenção (Quadro 1).As diferenças essenciais entre psicoterapia experiencial (humanista) e psicoterapia existencial situam-se na forma como conceptualizam a capacidade do indivíduo para o processo de mudança, nos conceitos-chave que estão em jogo e, ainda, na finalidade da intervenção (Villegas, 1989). A finalidade da intervenção define-se pela auto-descoberta (conhecer-se e compreender-se) na psicoterapia experiencial e pela construção mais autêntica e significativa da sua existência na psicoterapia existencial (Quadro 2).Na psicoterapia existencial enfatizam-se as dimensões histórica e de projecto e a responsabilidade individual na construção do seu-mundo. Visa a mudança e a autonomia pessoal. Contudo, vários autores definem a finalidade principal da psicoterapia existencial de diferentes modos: procura de si próprio (May, 1958); procura do sentido da existência (Frankl, 1984); tornar-se mais autêntico na relação consigo próprio e com os outros (Bugental, 1978); superar os dilemas, tensões, paradoxos e desafios do viver (Van Deurzen-Smith, 2002); facilitar um modo mais autêntico de existir (Cohn, 1997); promover o encontro consigo próprio para assumir a sua existência e projectá-la mais livremente no mundo (Villegas, 1989) e aumentar a auto-cons- 289

Hydrogeomorphological maps have a useful importance in exploration hydrogeology, engineering geosciences, geotechnical engineering and planning. The role of geomorphology is decisive to correctly evaluate groundwater resources. Hard-rock hydrogeological systems commonly exhibit complex geological and morphological features. This study highlights methodological guidelines for the preparation of hydrogeomorphological maps to support groundwater conceptual modelling, as well as for hydrogeological surveys and environmental sustainability issues. Cartographic techniques can provide an accurate way of improving the knowledge on groundwater and surface water circulation and the overall functioning of aquifer systems. A comprehensive evaluation of these subjects has been completed during the preparation of hydrogeomorphological maps for the Alardo groundwater system and Touca hydromineral system, both located on Gardunha mountain in Central Portugal. Thematic maps were prepared mainly from satellite imagery analysis, topographic, geological, geomorphological and hydrogeological field surveys. This information was presented to outline the recharge potential areas and infiltration rates. The paper also contributes to hydrogeomorphological mapping design and the conceptual model of groundwater in fractured hard-rock aquifer systems.

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