Two effective methods have been established recently in order to diminish on the clay soils of South Finland the injuring of cereals by spring and early summer droughts; placement offertilizer and sprinkler irrigation (Pohjanheimo and Heinonen 1960, Heinonen and Nieminen 1961, Larpes 1966, 1967, Nieminen et ai, 1967, Elonen et ai, 1967, Aura 1967. The former method is already widely adopted by farmers, but only a few of them have accepted the latter.In the sprinkler irrigation technique as well as in the technique of fertilizer placement there are, however, many unsolved problems, e. g. which is the best mutual position for fertilizer and seed under Finnish conditions. Questions of this kind cannot be solved without extending the investigations also to the underground parts of plants, towards which the irrigation and placement of fertilizer is primarily directed. The purpose of the present work was to study the development of the root system of spring cereals during the growing season, the effect of fertilizer placement and irrigation on the correlation between the yield and the root system, and on the distribution of the root system in the ploughed layer. ExperimentalField trials. The root investigation was performed in the neighbourhood of Helsinki in connection with two large field trials, adjacent to each other. The compelete results of these trials will be published later.
Abstract. The nitrogen effect of ligno Carex peat addition to heavy clay with a low content of organic matter was investigated in a pot experiment of eight years. The test plant was oats. The nitrogen effect proved to be very small. It was evident that the positive effect of an addition of peat to mineral soil, which in some cases can be very marked in field conditions, is mainly physical. Primarily it may be due to improved soil moisture conditions.
Abstract. The plant nutrient contents of 51 liquid manure samples were determined.The material, which consisted of 31 cattle manure samples and 20 pig manure samples, was gathered in the years 1964-73 from experimental stations, the piggeries of dairies and private farms.The pH-values and the water contents of pig and cattle liquid manure were on an average nearly the same. The plant nutrient contents of pig liquid manure were usually higher and the range of the nutrient contents was larger than in the cattle liquid manure. The contents of potassium, iron and manganese per dry matter were equal in both manures.The percentage of the soluble fraction of the total nitrogen in pig liquid manure was three times and in cattle liquid manure twice as high as that in cattle manure from stall and loose housing barns. The content of total nitrogen in pig liquid manure was noticeably high when compared with the potassium content.On the basis of the results it can be calculated that when 40 000 kg per hectare of liquid manure is used, calcium, magnesium and micronutrients in amounts adequate to the 1 2 years need of cereals will accumulate in the soil.The plant nutrient contents of liquid manure analysed in this study did not seem to differ markedly from data available in literature.Lannan talteenotto lietelantana on yleistynyt viime vuosina maamme karjatalouksissa. Syynä tähän on lietelantajärjesteinään aiheuttama ihmistyön tarpeen väheneminen ja työn helpottuminen, vaikka toisaalta on syntynyt uusia ongelmia lannan varastoinnissa, kuljetuksessa ja oikeassa käytössä.Lietelantaa, sen käyttöä ja lannoitusvaikutusta selvitteleviä tutkimustulokia on julkaistu Suomessa vähän (esim. Keränen 1966, Laine 1967, Korkman 1971, 1974. Näiden tulosten perusteella ei saada riittävän tarkkoja tietoja eri eläinten lietelannan koostumuksesta ja lannoitusvaikutuksesta, joita edellytetään sopivien käyttömäärien selville saamiseksi. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli määrittää naudan ja sian lietelannan kasvinravinnepitoisuuksia ja pitoisuuksien vaihtelurajoja.
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