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PURPOSE. To evaluate choroidal thickness in healthy pediatric population by swept-source longer-wavelength optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).METHODS. This was a cross-sectional comparative, noninterventional study. The macular area of 83 eyes from 43 pediatric patients (<18 years) was studied with an SS-OCT prototype system. Macular choroidal thickness was manually determined at 750-lm intervals by measuring the perpendicular distance from the posterior edge of the RPE to the choroid/sclera junction, along a horizontal 4500-lm line centered in the fovea. Three observers independently determined choroidal thickness. Pediatric choroidal thickness was compared with choroidal thickness from 75 eyes from 50 normal healthy adult volunteers (18 years or older). RESULTS.Mean age was 10 6 3 years (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) in the pediatric population versus 53 6 16 (25-85) in the adult population (P < 0.001). Mean spherical equivalent was not different (P ¼ 0.06) between both groups. Mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 312.9 6 65.3 lm in the pediatric versus 305.6 6 102.6 lm in the adult population (P ¼ 0.19). Mean macular choroidal thickness was 285.2 6 56.7 lm in the pediatric versus 275.2 6 92.7 lm in the adult population (P ¼ 0.08). The distribution of choroidal thickness along the horizontal line was different for both populations; the temporal choroid was thicker in the pediatric population (320, 322, and 324 lm; P ¼ 0.002, 0.001, and 0.06, respectively), followed by the subfoveal (312 lm) and nasal choroid (281, 239, and 195 lm).CONCLUSIONS. Macular choroidal thickness in the pediatric population is not significantly thicker than that of healthy adults. Differences are more remarkable in the temporal side of the fovea. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:353-359)

To our knowledge, this is the first population study of CT of healthy eyes across a broad range of age groups using SS-OCT. As has been determined using spectral-domain OCT, CT decreases with advancing age, especially after age 40. There were no differences due to sex. The greatest CT variation takes place in temporal sectors.

Subfoveal choroidal thickness, mean macular choroidal thickness and outer retinal thickness are the most important predictive factors of visual acuity in highly myopic eyes without macular pathology. Outer nuclear layer and foveal thickness are not related to visual acuity.

The use of pupil dilation does not seem to influence measurements and IOL predictions made using this OLCR optical biometer.

PurposeTo determine the choroidal thickness (CT) profile in keratoconus (KC) patients using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).MethodsThis was a prospective, cross-sectional study. One hundred two eyes of 52 KC patients were studied using Pentacam and SS-OCT. The macular CT profile was created by manually measuring the distance between the retinal pigment epithelium and the choroid-sclera junction on horizontal b-scans at nine different macular locations. The results were compared to 93 eyes of 93 healthy controls.ResultsMean age of the KC group was 34.9 ± 13.5 years and mean axial length (AL) was 24.1 ± 1.3 mm. Mean topographic KC classification (TKC) was 2.0; 39 eyes were classified as early KC (TKC <1–2), 34 eyes as moderate (TKC 2, 2–3), and 29 as advanced (TKC 3+). Mean subfoveal CT was 383.2 μm in KC patients and 280.5 μm in control group (P < 0.001). CT in KC patients was statistically thicker in all measure locations (P < 0.001). CT in KC eyes decreased with age, approaching control group at >45 years old, losing statistical significance (P = 0.37).ConclusionsCT in KC patients is statistically thicker than in healthy population. After age 45, CT decreases approaching control group values.Translational RelevanceThis study describes changes in the CT profile of KC patients, a disease that was considered purely corneal. These choroidal changes argue that KC is a disease that likely involves several ocular structures other than the cornea, and could open new research lines related to the pathophysiology of KC.

The luminal area and the percentage of vascular/total area decrease with increasing age, while the stromal area remains stable.

The results of this study show that the ATN grading system has a high intraobserver and interobserver correlation, suggesting that the system is reliable and highly reproducible. This system is simple yet comprehensive, taking into account the three main components (atrophy, traction, and neovascularization) of the disease.