Background and aim: The purpose of the present investigation is to provide an analysis of previous works on the epidemiology of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection from six countries throughout Latin America, to forecast the future HCV prevalence trends in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Puerto Rico, and to outline deficiencies in available data, highlighting the need for further research. Methods: Data references were identified through indexed journals and non-indexed sources. Overall, 1080 articles were reviewed and 150 were selected based on their relevance to this work. When multiple data sources were available for a key assumption, a systematic process using multi-objective decision analysis (MODA) was used to select the most appropriate sources. When data were missing, analogues were used. Data from other countries with similar risk factors and/or population compositions were used as a proxy to help predict the future trends in prevalence. Results: The review indicates that the dominant genotype is type 1. HCV prevalence in the analysed countries ranges from 1 to 2.3%. The Latin American countries have been very proactive in screening their blood supplies, thus minimizing the risk of transmission through transfusion. This suggests that other risk factors are set to play a major role in continued new infections. The number of diagnosed and treated patients is low, thereby increasing the burden of complications such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The HCV prevalence, according to our modelling is steady or increasing and the number of infected individuals will increase. Conclusions: The results herein reported should provide a foundation for informed planning efforts to tackle hepatitis.
Objective To examine the prevalence and distribution among racial/ethnic groups of polyomavirus SV40 antibodies in women in Houston, Texas. Methods Women in three different cohorts reflecting the evolving demographics of Houston were evaluated for frequency of SV40 antibodies using a plaque-reduction neutralization assay. Results Women in cohort A (enrolled 1972–1973) were 68% (145/212) African-American and 32% Caucasian; the overall frequency of SV40 neutralizing antibodies was 7%. Women in cohort B (enrolled 1975–1977) were Caucasian with an overall frequency of SV40 neutralizing antibodies of 18% (37/211). Women in cohort C (enrolled 1993–1995) were 50% (199/400) African-American, 25% Caucasian, and 25% Hispanic; the overall frequency of SV40 neutralizing antibodies was 10%. Logistic regression analysis for cohort A showed no difference in SV40 neutralizing antibodies with respect to race/ethnicity, pregnancy status, number of previous pregnancies, or history of sexually transmitted diseases. For cohort C, race/ethnicity was identified as a significant factor associated with SV40 neutralizing antibodies, with Hispanics having a seroprevalence of 23% compared to 5–6% in the other two groups (p = 0.01). Conclusions A significantly higher SV40 seroprevalence was found among Hispanics than other racial/ethnic groups in the city of Houston. Findings are compatible with a model that certain population groups potentially exposed to SV40-contaminated oral poliovaccines have maintained cycles of SV40 infections.
It is important that over the last years all patients have subsequently undergone appropriate adjuvant chemotherapy, which in 6 cases was supplemented by regional chemoembolization. Results: The immediate postoperative period in these patients was uneventful. Noted in 2 patients moderate hydrothorax was treated with puncture. Wounds healed by first intention. When monitoring in 2, 4, 6 months there were no signs of the cancer progression. Conclusion:The treatment outcome in patients with neoplasms of the liver using the local destruction methods, and their combinations, as well as at the liver resection depends on prognosis factors: period before metastases have been detected, number and size of tumor nodules. Cryoablation should take its rightful place in the treatment of primary and metastatic liver cancer. One should consider CA as a reasonable alternative to existing surgical methods or as a part of complex therapy.
La infección por el virus de hepatitis B (VHB) sigue siendo un problema de salud pública mundial. A pesar de la introducción de la vacuna en 1982, y de los avances en el tratamiento, mantiene una significativa morbi-mortalidad. Un 15 a 40% de los portadores, desarrollarán cirrosis, insuficiencia hepática y/o Carcinoma Hepatocelular (CHC).
La infección por el Virus de Hepatitis B (VHB) sigue siendo un problema de salud pública mundial. A pesar de la introducción de la vacuna en 1982, y de los avances en el tratamiento, mantiene una significativa mo:rbi-mortalidad. Un 15 a 40 % de los portadores, desarrollarán cirrosis, insuficiencia hepática y/o Carcinoma Hepatocelular(CHC).
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