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Uno de los aportes más valiosos del pensamiento decolonial ha sido la generación de una teoría crítica que ha permitido comprender, entre otros aspectos, las lógicas del poder colonial y sus efectos en las realidades que convergen en el Gran Sur, toda vez que se han puesto en evidencia los modos de control y dominio de cuerpos y territorios para articularlos al engranaje capitalista. Esto puede ser ampliamente visible en escenarios complejos como las agriculturas, por ejemplo, pues allí convergen unas relaciones de poder que las cosifica y, en consecuencia, las inserta en una rigurosa matriz industrial que responde a los designios del poder colonial, como se presenta en esta investigación. Objetivo: analizar los efectos que el poder colonial tiene sobre el cultivo de arracacha en Cajamarca, Tolima. Materiales y métodos: se aplicaron entrevistas a profundidad, encuestas estructuradas, registro en diario de campo y revisión de información secundaria. Resultados: la histórica constitución de Cajamarca bajo el discurso colonial de despensa agrícola de Colombia ha conllevado a la configuración de un paisaje arracachero orientado por una marcada racionalidad agrocapitalista que ha ejercido, entre otros aspectos, una notable ordenación ontológica y epistemológica del territorio, así como a la emergencia de reglas de juego informales para la aparcería, mediante las cuales el poder colonial constituye relaciones de poder y dominio en torno al cultivo de arracacha. Conclusiones: se han producido subjetividades, se han disciplinarizado espacios, se han instituido protocolos técnicos y se han definido arreglos institucionales mediante los cuales se ejercen relaciones de poder en torno al cultivo de arracacha, lo que sugiere la amplia necesidad de promover transformaciones tecnológicas que apunten hacia la sustentabilidad.
We compared the seasonal concentrations of 12 organochlorine (OC) compounds in samples of breast muscle, associated skin, and subcutaneous fat of blue-winged teal (Anas discors) collected in Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia (1987-1988), and of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and blue-winged teal collected in Wisconsin (1984-1989). Although these species have similar feeding habits and overlapping breeding distributions, their winter ranges differ markedly. Most blue-winged teal winter in the Neotropics, whereas most mallards remain in the temperate regions of North America. A seasonal comparison of OC exposure in these species may help determine the geographic origins of contamination. All examined OCs were found to be below concentrations known to affect reproduction in waterfowl. DDE was most often detected in blue-winged teal and PCBs, in mallards. DDE exposure may have predominantly occurred outside of Wisconsin. The DDE concentration in blue-winged teal samples collected in Wisconsin in the spring (GM=0.406 microg/g) were greater (P<0.001) than in the fall (GM=0. 033 microg/g) and greater than the concentrations in mallard samples from the spring (GM=0.058 microg/g; P<0.001). Ciénaga Grande, however, was not a source of DDE contamination. The DDE concentrations in blue-winged teal samples from Ciénaga Grande did not differ between the spring (GM=0.037 microg/g) and the fall (GM=0. 039 microg/g) and were lower (P<0.001) than the concentration in blue-winged teal samples from Wisconsin in the spring. In contrast, PCB contamination seemed to have occurred in Wisconsin and affected mostly mallards. PCBs were not detected in the samples from Colombia and were detected in only five (8.3%) of the blue-winged teal samples from Wisconsin (GM=0.025 microg/g), however, those compounds were detected in 47% of the mallard samples collected in Wisconsin (GM=0.272 microg/g). DDE and PCB concentrations were greater (P=0.0) in mallard samples collected from wetlands adjacent to Lake Michigan than in samples from inland wetlands.
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