Introducción: La flebitis es la inflamación del sistema venoso, con frecuencia ocurre por el uso de catéteres vasculares. Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre la flebitis por catéter venoso periférico y la hospitalización prolongada en los recién nacidos ingresados en el Servicio de Neonatología del Hospital General Teófilo Dávila. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo, realizado en el Hospital General Teófilo, Cantón Machala, Ecuador señalado, durante el 2018–2019. La muestra fue de 87 neonatos y la información recogida permitió la caracterización de neonatos y sus madres, frecuencia de flebitis y factores de riesgo para su aparición. Los datos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva e inferencial chi-cuadrado (chi2). Resultados: de los 87 neonatos, el 60,92% eran varones, 56,32% pretérmino, 85,05% con peso adecuado para edad gestacional, 73,56% ingresados 6 días o más y 56,32% (49 neonatos) presentó flebitis, de estos últimos, los varones con diferencia significativa con respecto a las hembras (p<0,05) y el peso adecuado (37,93%) fue significativamente mayor (p<0,01). La co-morbilidad neonatal que predominó en los neonatos con flebitis fue la prematuridad con 42,86%( CI 95%, p<0,005) y el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria 18.37%. El 79,30% recibió solo una punción para la cateterización, 100% recibieron antibióticos, 75,55% presentaron flebitis grado 1 con una asociación significativa (p<0,001) entre el tiempo de hospitalización y la flebitis. Conclusiones: Existe un predominio de niños prematuros que desarrollan flebitis y una relación significativamente estadística, entre el tiempo de hospitalización de los niños recién nacidos y aparición de flebitis. Palabras clave: Flebitis, catéter, neonato, recién nacido, hospitalización prolongada ABSTRACT Introduction: Phlebitis is the inflammation of the venous system, frequently occurs due to the use of vascular catheters. Objective: To establish the relationship between peripheral venous catheter phlebitis and prolonged hospitalization in newborns admitted to the Neonatology Service of the Teófilo Dávila General Hospital. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study, carried out at the Teófilo General Hospital, Cantón Machala, Ecuador indicated, during 2018-2019. The sample consisted of 87 neonates and the information collected allowed the characterization of neonates and their mothers, frequency of phlebitis and risk factors for its appearance. The data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential chi-square (chi2) statistics. Results: of the 87 neonates, 60.92% were male, 56.32% preterm, 85.05% with adequate weight for gestational age, 73.56% admitted for 6 days or more, and 56.32% (49 neonates) presented phlebitis, of the latter, males with a significant difference compared to females (p<0.05) and adequate weight (37.93%) was significantly higher (p <0.01). The neonatal co-morbidity that predominated in neonates with phlebitis was prematurity with 42.86% (CI 95%, p<0.005) and respiratory distress syndrome 18.37%. 79.30% received only one puncture for catheterization, 100% received antibiotics, 75.55% presented grade 1 phlebitis with a significant association (p <0.001) between hospitalization time and phlebitis. Conclusions: There is a predominance of premature children who develop phlebitis and a statistically significant relationship between the hospitalization time of newborn children and the appearance of phlebitis. Keywords: Phlebitis, catheter, neonate, newborn, prolonged hospitalization
Introducción: Parto humanizado caracterizado por el respeto a los valores, creencias, sentimientos, dignidad y autonomía de la mujer durante el proceso del alumbramiento. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción del parto humanizado en las puérperas atendidas en el primer nivel de atención de la Provincia de El Oro, Ecuador. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 100 puérperas atendidas en el Centro de Salud Tipo C, Velasco Ibarra durante el periodo junio-diciembre de 2020. Se aplico una encuesta elaborada por autores. Los datos fueron procesados en programa SPSS versión 25. Resultados: La percepción en cuanto al trato del personal de salud 50% se identifica con las usuarias, 80% explican procedimiento que van a realizar, 65% no dan buen trato, 58% de las pacientes no tienen acompañamiento profesional. Al 64% no les permiten la presencia de la pareja o familiar durante esta experiencia; 68% no reciben orientaciones durante trabajo de parto, 68% no respetan la intimidad; 46% no promueven lactancia materna exclusiva. Respecto a la percepción de parto humanizado señalan medianamente favorable 76% y el 24 % consideran como favorable. Conclusiones: En cuanto al trato profesional donde la identificación de los profesionales y la explicación del proceso del parto en la mayoría de las usuarias fueron percepciones muy buenas en cuanto al acompañamiento familiar que mala, el irrespeto a la intimidad, orientación y elección de posición para dar a luz fue regular.
Introduction: Chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCD) are of multifactorial etiologies such as genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioral, and of long evolution that affected 41 million people in 2018 and have become the main causes of mortality worldwide. Among the modifiable risk factors of behavioral characteristics we have in mind the harmful use of alcohol, inadequate diets, physical inactivity and tobacco use. Three essential components of chronic noncommunicable disease surveillance constitute a framework that all countries must establish and consolidate: monitoring of exposures (risk factors); the monitoring of the results (morbidity and mortality specific to diseases) and the responses of the health system. Goal: To determine the effect of community participation in health, as a strategy for the prevention and control of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Methodology: Qualitative descriptive-analytical study, where community participation in health is described and analyzed as a strategy for the prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases. Discussion: In our critical posture, the performance of participation in the field of health is considered fundamental; because the community itself is the one that watches over the collective, individual and family health of a population, and the community itself is responsible for identifying said health problems and being able to propose proposals to modify lifestyles and achieve an optimal state of health. Conclusion:Community participation is the cornerstone of primary health care and comprehensive health management, in the prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases, to avoid their manifestation or complications.
The resulting neonatal, weight of the newborn (NB) is considered as a health indicator since the nutritional status of the neonate can have repercussions on the growth and development of the child until adulthood. Secondly, preterm delivery is associated with several maternal risk factors, such as the presence of anemia, adolescence, or advanced age. The aim of the study was to determine the maternal risk factors related to neonatal outcomes in primiparous. MethodsA descriptive, observational, quantitative, longitudinal, and non-experimental study was conducted. Data were collected from women who gave birth from September 2021 to August 2022, in a Microsoft Excel database and the analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 26. ResultsThe study population consisted of 224 pregnant women, aged 16 to 41 years, with a mean of 21 years (SD ± 4 years), the most predominant age range was under 20 years, with 53.33%, 81.7% were of middle socioeconomic status, 50.4% had basic education, 89.7% self-identified as mestizo race, 86.2% were of Ecuadorian nationality, and 96.0% resided in the urban area. A total of 97.8% were term NB, 69.9% were normal weight, and 96.4% had an Apgar score of 8 to 10 in the first minute after birth. Maternal factors related to Apgar 7 were adolescent and elderly women, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.180; having maternal comorbidity OR: 2.0612; the factors related to preterm and post-term neonates were the degree of primary and basic education, OR: 2.0, without statistical significance (p>0.05). And in relation to low weight and high weight, we have an academic education OR: 3.0417, without statistical significance (p>0.05); and mothers with a history of previous abortions, OR: 8.6000, with high statistical significance (p<0.05). ConclusionsAmong the main maternal factors related to neonatal outcome in primiparous pregnant women were educational level, age, number of prenatal checkups, and history of previous abortions.
Introducción: El parto constituye un acontecimiento extraordinario en la vida de la mujer, dado precisamente, por ser la culminación del embarazo humano y al unísono, el inicio de una nueva vida, razón por la que se le atribuye especial interés a nivel universal. Objetivo: Analizar el cumplimiento de estándares e indicadores de parto y nacimiento humanizado en el Centro de Salud Tipo C. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte transversal. Con una población total de pacientes atendidas en el Servicio de Centro Obstétrico del Instituto “Velasco Ibarra”, en Machala Ecuador, de enero a diciembre del 2020. Resultados: 743 pacientes tuvieron control prenatal con más de 5 sesiones, el 100% de los partos fue espontaneo, con ruptura anteparto, sin inducción, en su mayoría con las semanas completas. En cuanto a la presentación del parto 996 casos fueron de presentación cefálica. 862 pacientes no tuvieron acompañantes, sino, el grupo sanitario, médicos y enfermeras y solo a 125 se le permitió tener a su pareja. En cuanto a la posición del parto, 908 estuvieron en posición de litotomía (ginecológica), en cuanto a la analgesia, solo 267 y ninguna requirió anestesia, así como tampoco requirieron sangre, sulfato, hierro ni anticonceptivos postparto. Conclusiones: Se precisa la inclusión del componente humanizador e integral para la concepción del parto como un proceso natural y fisiológico, con la combinación científico-humanista en el logro de una atención con calidad y calidez, donde la mujer ecuatoriana protagonice su proceso de parto como un sujeto de cuidado y no como objeto del mismo. SUMMARY Introduction: Childbirth is an extraordinary event in a woman's life, given precisely because it is the culmination of human pregnancy and at the same time the beginning of a new life, which is why special interest is attributed to it at a universal level. Objective: To analyze compliance with humanized childbirth and delivery standards and indicators in the Type C Health Center. Materials and Methods: Observational, descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study. With a total population of patients treated at the Obstetric Center Service of the "Velasco Ibarra" Institute, in Machala Ecuador from January to December 2020. Results: 743 patients had prenatal control with more than 5 sessions, 100% of deliveries were spontaneous with antepartum rupture, without induction and almost all with complete weeks. And in 3, regarding the presentation of delivery, 996 cases were of cephalic presentation. 862 patients did not have companions, but the health group, doctors and nurses and only 125 were allowed to have their partner. As for the position of delivery, 908 were in the lithotomy (gynecological) position, as for analgesia only 267 and none required anesthesia, nor did they require blood, sulfate, iron, or postpartum contraceptives. Conclusions: the inclusion of the humanizing and integral component is required for the conception of childbirth as a natural and physiological process, with the scientific-humanistic combination in achieving care with quality and warmth, where the Ecuadorian woman is the protagonist of her birth process as a a subject of care and not as its object.
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