The use of marine environment by the petroleum industry on exploration, production and transportation operation, transform this oil to become the most important pollutant in the oceans. Bioremediation is an important technique used to clean spilled oil impacting on shorelines, accelerating the biodegradation process by using fertilizer growing the microorganisms responsible for decontaminating the environment. We recommend confirming the efficiency of NPK nutrient used on bioremediation simulating experiments on beaches, while monitoring the chemical changes long-term. NPK fertilizer can be used to stimulate the biodegradation process on shoreline impacted by spilled oil.
Res u mo Biorrcmcdia ção é uma técnica que utiliza microorganismos para reduzir a concentração e/ou a toxicidade dos poluentes. podendo ser promi ssora na limpeza de derrames de óleo em ambientes costeiros. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar as variaç ões. em lestes de laboratório. da biorremcdiaçãc usando o fertilizante NPK. visando acelerar a biodegradaçâo de derrames de óleo. O prOl.:esso de hior rcmcdia ção foi tuonitorado através de análises geoquimicas das amostras de óleo extraídas dos sedimentos. A água do mar usada durante o processo foi analisada quanto ao teor de nutrientes (íons fosfato e amónia) e realizados testes de toxicidade (testes de Microtox). Os resultados mostraram que o fertilizante NPK pode ser usado na biorremediação em ambientes costeiros contaminados por óleo. Pala vras choves : Bioremcdia ção. biodcgrada ção, fertilizante NPK Ahst rac t IIIORliMEIJIATlON USIN G N/' K FERTlLlZER ON SI'ILL 0 11.-LABORATORY EX/' ERI MENl:Ç Biorcmcdiation is a tcchniquc that uses microorganisms to rcduce the concentration and/or the toxicidade 0 1' the pollutants, 50 it ean bc considcrcd as an cnvironmentally promising altemative to clcan oil spill shorctincs. Thc main objective ofthi s work was to analyze the behavior 01' laboratory tests ou biorremediation, with NPK nutri cnt to stimulate biodegradation 01' oil spills. Thc bioremediation process was monitorcd by geochemical aualysis ofth c extracted oil th H11 thc sediments. The seawater used on the process was analyzed for nutrients contcnts (phosphate and ammonium ions} and also for toxicity (Microtox tests). Ali rcsults show that the NKP fcn ili zcr can bc uscd on biorcmcdiation on sitcs affcc ted by oil spill. key word s: Hiorcm edia ção, biodcgradn ção. fertilizante NPK. INTROD UÇÃO A grande utilização do ambiente marinho pela indústria petrolífera faz deste produto e de seus derivados os principais poluentes em regiões oceânicas, podendo atingir áreas litorâneas e ameaçar ccossitcmas sensíveis. interferindo dirctamente nas atividades económicas como a pesca c o turismo (Mitchell et aI. 1993). Ao ocorrer um derrame. os processos intemp éricos que atuam sobre o óleo, alterando suas propriedades fisicas e químicas são: biodegrada ção, espalhamento, evaporação, dissolução, dispersão, crnu lsificação, sedimentação e foto-oxidação (Prince 1993). Biodcgradação ocor re através da ação de microrganismos, como bactérias e fungos. presentes no ambiente (Atlas 19XI, Alexa nder 198 1, Crapez 1982, Slivins & Trernicr 1985). Entretanto, esse processo pode estar limitado à dispon ibilidade de nutrientes, composição e abu ndância das comunidades microbianas, salinidade, temperatura, concentração de oxigênio dissolvido e distribuição e natureza do óleo derramado. l3 iorremediação é a aceleração deste processo, através da ad ição de microrganismos específicos (bioa umentação). nutrientes e/ou outras substâncias que acelerem a reprodução de tais microrganismos (bioestimulação), catalisando a rcação no meio ambiente contaminado (Rytkouen el aI. 1(97).
Petroleum hydrocarbons are recalcitrant contaminants that have various impacts on the natural ecosystem. Microorganisms have been widely used in recent years to remove the hydrocarbons that are present in crude oil. The objective of this research was to isolate and select microorganisms that have the potential to degrade hydrocarbons present in mangrove sediments. In present study, we have isolated fungi from clean sediment contaminated with different fractions (i.e., saturated hydrocarbons, aromatic, and no hydrocarbon compounds (NSO)) of two types of oil. There were two types of oxidation tests were performed: one in multi well plates and the other in stirring and temperature control. Screening tests were conducted to detect the biodegradation of petroleum fractions with 72 fungal isolates over a period between 12 and 48 hours. With the two oxidation tests, the 2,6-dichlorophenol-indo phenol (DCPIP) indicator made it possible to select fungi with the potential to degrade the three main fractions of oil in the Reconcavo and Campos Basins. It was observed that the fungal isolates in the cleaned sediment were able to oxidize the three fractions of both types of oil. It was also concluded that some isolated strains oxidize oil faster and more efficiently than others. The formation of a consortium with the isolated consortium was a potential for the increase of the degradation of oil in the environment.
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