Petroleum hydrocarbons are recalcitrant contaminants that have various impacts on the natural ecosystem. Microorganisms have been widely used in recent years to remove the hydrocarbons that are present in crude oil. The objective of this research was to isolate and select microorganisms that have the potential to degrade hydrocarbons present in mangrove sediments. In present study, we have isolated fungi from clean sediment contaminated with different fractions (i.e., saturated hydrocarbons, aromatic, and no hydrocarbon compounds (NSO)) of two types of oil. There were two types of oxidation tests were performed: one in multi well plates and the other in stirring and temperature control. Screening tests were conducted to detect the biodegradation of petroleum fractions with 72 fungal isolates over a period between 12 and 48 hours. With the two oxidation tests, the 2,6-dichlorophenol-indo phenol (DCPIP) indicator made it possible to select fungi with the potential to degrade the three main fractions of oil in the Reconcavo and Campos Basins. It was observed that the fungal isolates in the cleaned sediment were able to oxidize the three fractions of both types of oil. It was also concluded that some isolated strains oxidize oil faster and more efficiently than others. The formation of a consortium with the isolated consortium was a potential for the increase of the degradation of oil in the environment.
Bioremediation is a technique applied to several environmental impacts, among which the ones generated by petroleum derivatives, through the introduction of microorganisms into the environment, or creating optimal conditions for them to develop. The present study aimed to evaluate the degradation of saturated hydrocarbons through the biostimulation technique in the mangrove sediment impacted by petroliferous activities, testing the potentiality of two fertilizers (NPK and OSMOCOTE) as accelerating agents of the biodegradation of petroleum components, under experimental conditions. In order to understand the bioremediation process it was used the quantification of nutrient contents, the percent of saturated, aromatic and NSO hydrocarbons, and the behavior of saturated compounds along the entire experiment, besides the monitoring of physical and chemical parameters. Chromatographic profiles characterized a major degradation of saturated hydrocarbons at the units with NPK, presenting a better efficiency of this fertilizer in the tested biostimulation process
Bioassays with the marine copepod Tisbe biminiensis were used to evaluate the efficiency of three bioremediation treatments on oil contaminated sediments. Two biostimulation treatments (adding NPK and OSMOCOTE fertilizers) and a natural attenuation treatment (experimental control, without fertilizers) were evaluated. The addition of NPK fertilizer had a strong lethal effect on T. biminiensis females probably associated to ammonium compounds, but this effect disappeared after 15 days. The OSMOCOTE releases nutrients in a gradual manner and as such, had no lethal effect on T. biminiensis females. In the natural attenuation treatment, the fecundity of T. biminiensis increased 200% and this indicates that natural attenuation treatment effectively attenuated the sub-lethal toxicity. Biostimulation treatments were not more efficient in obtaining lower toxicity levels of oil contaminated sediment compared to natural attenuation as the recovery of the endpoint affected by contamination (fecundity) increased at the same rate in the 3 treatments over time. In conclusion, adding fertilizers with high ammonium compound concentrations and rapid release is not recommended as a bioremediation treatment in mangroves.
Si im mp pó ós si io o d de e G Ge eo oe es st ta at tí ís st ti ic ca a A Ap pl li ic ca ad da a e em m C Ci iê ên nc ci ia as s A Ag gr rá ár ri ia as s 1 14 4 e e 1 15 5 d de e M Ma ai io o d de e 2 20 01 15 5 B Bo ot tu uc ca at tu u, , S Sã ão o P Pa au ul lo o IV Simpósio de Geoestatística em Ciências Agrárias -SGeA | Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a incidência e a severidade da ferrugem no cafeeiro por meio da distribuição espacial e em tempos diferentes e, também, correlacionar estas distribuições com dados de produtividade, textura e atributos químicos do solo, com a finalidade de associar estas informações a estratégias de manejo. O estudo ocorreu na Fazenda Escola do IFSUDEMINAS-Campus Inconfidentes, em uma lavoura de café da Cultivar Catuaí. Foi utilizada malha amostral com 42 plantas georreferenciadas com GPS Garmim, nas coordenadas UTM 23k. A amostragem para ferrugem, produtividade, análise química e de textura ocorreu nas plantas georreferenciadas e vizinhas, localizadas nos pontos cardeais à planta central. Os resultados demonstraram forte dependência espacial para porcentagem de folhas com ferrugem do cafeeiro. Nas análises das demais variáveis foi possível detectar correlação inversa da incidência da ferrugem com as variáveis pH, soma de bases, potássio, matéria orgânica e argila. Conclui-se, portanto, que a ferrugem do cafeeiro apresenta comportamento diferenciado ao longo da lavoura e também em tempos diferentes. Verifica-se correlação entre ferrugem e as variáveis estudas. O estudo da distribuição espacial dos componentes do solo permite um manejo pontual da fertilidade, estratégia esta que pode refletir na incidência do patógeno.Abstract -The objective of this work is to study the incidence and severity of rust in coffee crop through spatial distribution at different times, and also to correlate these distributions with yield data, texture and soil chemical properties, in order to associate this information with management strategies. The study was performed at IFSUDEMINAS Farm School Campus, Inconfidentes, in a Cultivar Catuícoffee crop. It was used a sampling grid composed by 42 plants georeferenced with GARMIN GPS, in UTM coordinates 23k. Rust sampling, productivity and chemical and textural analysis occurred in georeferenced and neighboring plants, located at the cardinal points of central plant. The results showed strong spatial dependence percentage of leaves with coffee rust. In other variables analyzes, could be detected inverse correlation between incidence of rust with pH, sum of bases, potassium, organic matter and clay. Therefore, coffee rust has different behavior over the crop and also at different times. There is correlation between rust and studied variables. The spatial distribution study of soil components allows timely management of fertility; strategy that may reflect the incidence of pathogen. I IV V SSi im mp pó ós si io o d de e G Ge eo oe es st ta at tí ís st ti ic ca a A Ap pl li ic ca ad da a e em m C Ci iê ên nc ci ia as s A Ag gr rá ár ri ia as s I IV...
The purpose of this work was to propose sustainable solutions for advanced oil recovery by evaluating the ability of the bacterium Pseudomonas sp. in the biotransformation of alkanes, in addition to determining strain growth patterns under extreme conditions. For this, the work was initially carried out under laboratory conditions, in which the crude oil was fractionated to obtain the saturated fraction used in the experiment. The bacterial tolerance to salinity and temperature was also tested to determine the experimental conditions and set up the experiment in regard to these parameters. Additionally, an experiment was performed to produce a biosurfactant through biostimulation. The biotransformation experiment consisted of a triplicate with treatment and a control. For treatments, Erlenmeyers flasks received 100 mL of broth containing the biosurfactant, 10 g (10%) of NaCl, 3% of the strain and 1% of the saturated fraction. Erlenmeyer flasks were incubated at 40 °C and 180 rpm for 18 days with periodic analysis. The results initially showed the bacteria exhibited better tolerance at a temperature of 40 °C, and there was no significant change for the different salinities, which was a nonlimiting parameter. For the final experiment, the bacterial growth analysed by Optical Density (OD). exhibited a low variation, in which the lowest point was in T18 with an absorbance of 0.115 and the highest point was in T6 with an absorbance of 0.149. In the qPCR analysis of the bacterial population, the pattern found was similar to the optical density results, with low variation; the lowest number of copies of the 16S rRNA gene (6.66x 103) was found in T0 and the highest number was found in T12 (7.86x 103). For biotransformation analysis, time 6 was observed to have the highest rate, with 54% oil recovery (C30), followed by 52% (C31) and 51% (C29).
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