A rectangular ring is introduced in an open‐ended planar monopole antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) in order to achieve broadband dual‐frequency operation. Prototypes of the proposed antenna designed for WLAN operation in the 2.4‐ and 5.2‐GHz bands are constructed and tested. The maximum measured bandwidth is measured approximately 14.48% and 11.49% (VSWR 1:2), respectively. Good radiation‐pattern characteristics of monopolelike patterns have been obtained. The obtained measured gain is measured to be 1.98 dBi at 2.44 GHz and 11.0 dBi at 5.2 GHz, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1480–1483, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21736

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PurposeTo investigate the relationships among the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, androgen receptor (AR), and clinicopathological factors in hormone-naïve prostate cancer.Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted with132 cases of hormone-naïve prostate cancer treated by prostatectomy and prostate needle biopsy. An immunohistochemical study using antibodies against β-catenin, matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), and the AR was performed. For the in vitro study, PC-3, LNCaP, 22Rv1, and DU145 cell lines were used.ResultsThe clinical or pathological stage ware a localized cancer in 36 patients (27.3%), locally advanced cancer in 31 (23.5%), and metastatic cancer in 65 (49.2%). We detected increased β-catenin, AR, and MMP-7 expression with a high Gleason grade, disease progression, and increasing serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (p<0.01). In Spearman's rank correlations, the expression of cytoplasmic β-catenin, MMP-7, and the AR were found to be significantly positively correlated. In addition, the expression of β-catenin, MMP-7, and the AR were significantly correlated with clinicopathological variables indicative of a poor prognosis. Forty-nine patients with primary androgen deprivation had short response durations from hormone therapy to PSA progression with elevated MMP-7 expression on the Kaplan-Meier curve (p=0.0036).ConclusionsThese data show that an activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway and AR expression in prostate cancer are correlated with metastasis and aggressiveness. In addition, the expression of MMP-7 protein, a target of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, is associated with PSA progression in prostate cancer patients undergoing primary hormone therapy.

A novel design of a simple microstrip‐fed monopole antenna well suited to wireless local area network (WLAN)/worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) application for triple‐band operation is proposed in this article. The proposed antenna consists of one branch strip, two hook‐shaped strips, an asymmetrical ground plane, and a rectangular slit in the ground plane. Through the proper selection of the dimensions as well as arrangement of the strips, desired resonant modes excited at 2.35/3.65/5.375 GHz with a less than −10‐dB input impedance frequency response can be achieved. Prototypes of the proposed antenna were fabricated and experimentally measured, and an acceptable agreement between the measurement and simulation results was achieved. The numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed antenna satisfies the −10‐dB impedance bandwidth requirement while covering the WLAN and WiMAX bands simultaneously. Meanwhile, the 2D radiation patterns and 3D gain performance of the antenna in the operation bands were also observed and discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1838–1846, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26963