Threshold voltage dependence on channel length in amorphous-indium-gallium-zinc-oxide thin-film transistors Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 083508 (2013); 10.1063/1.4793996Low-temperature processed Schottky-gated field-effect transistors based on amorphous gallium-indium-zincoxide thin films Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 243506 (2010); 10.1063/1.3525932High mobility amorphous zinc oxynitride semiconductor material for thin film transistors Optical and electrical properties of amorphous zinc tin oxide thin films examined for thin film transistor application J.

These studies demonstrate a chondrocyte phenotype of notochordal cells and are the first direct evidence of notochordal cell differentiation, suggesting that they may act as progenitor cells, which has the potential to lead to their use in novel approaches to regeneration of degenerative intervertebral disc.

Beta-blocker therapy at discharge was associated with improved survival in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI. Our results support the current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines, which recommend long-term beta-blocker therapy in all patients with STEMI regardless of reperfusion therapy or risk profile.

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Background Carpal tunnel release and conservative interventions are widely used in clinical therapies of carpal tunnel syndrome. The efficacy of these treatment and interventions mainly lies in the exploitation of the mechanical properties of carpal tunnel. This study investigated the structural mechanics of the transverse carpal arch using cadaveric hands. Methods Paired force was applied to the insertion sites of the transverse carpal ligament at both the distal (hamate -trapezium) and proximal (pisiform - scaphoid) level of the carpal tunnel. The two pairs of forces were simultaneously applied in an inward or outward direction when the transverse carpal ligament was intact and transected. Transverse carpal arch and carpal tunnel compliance in response to the forces were analyzed. Three-way repeated measures ANOVA were used to examine the effect of the transverse carpal ligament status (intact/transected), the level of the carpal tunnel (distal/proximal) and the force application direction (inward/outward) on the biomechanics of the transverse carpal arch. Findings Transverse carpal ligament plays a stabilizing role in resisting outward deformation of the carpal tunnel. The carpal tunnel at the proximal level is more flexible than the carpal tunnel at the distal level. The carpal tunnel is more compliant under the inward force application than under the outward force application. Interpretation The understanding of carpal tunnel mechanics potentially helps to improve the existing strategies and to develop alternatives for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.

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We found that hypoxia can enhance the angiogenic ability of IVD during inflammatory reactions, and cause progress in development of DDD via extracellular matrix regulation in this in vitro study.

Intradiscal CFA injection led to chronic disk degeneration with allodynia, which was suggested by pain behavior and expression of pain-related mediators. The increment of CGRP, PGE, and iNOS also suggest pain-related signal processing between the IVD and the neural pathway in this animal model. This animal model may be useful for future research related to the pathophysiology and development of novel treatment for spine-related pain.