The aim of this study was the development
and characterization
of a new microemulsion composed of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) essential oils (EOCs) and evaluate its antibacterial and larvicide
profiles. The optimal combination of EOCs, surfactant (Kolliphor EL),
and water was achieved using a ternary phase diagram. EOCs were obtained
from orange peel by steam-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatograph–mass
spectrometer (GC-MS). A total of 25 compounds were identified, among
which 90 wt % was d-limonene. In order to determine antimicrobial
activity of the formulation, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
assay was done. d-Limonene, limonene 1,2-epoxide, and β-mircene
showed a high antibacterial activity. Cell viability studies were
performed in L929 murine fibroblast as a cellular line, using the
MTT assay. A cell viability of 118% for EOCs and 117.7% for microemulsion
after 72 h was recorded indicating no relevant cytotoxic effect. In vivo studies, based on a wax moth, Galleria mellonella (G. mellonella), larvae as a model system showed
100% of larvae mortality under the influence of the microemulsion
with EOCs, while a second efficiency rating of 45% for larvae mortality
was reached for pure EOCs. These tests confirm a strong larvicide
activity for the essential oil, characterized by the highest concentration
of limonene as the larvicide agent. The loading of EOCs into microemulsions
offered an improved approach for the delivery of this oil which retained
its bioactivity, as shown in vitro and in vivo.
Artigo recebido em 14/06/2021. Última versão recebida em 27/06/2021. Aprovado em 28/06/2021. Avaliado pelo sistema Triple Review: a) Desk Review pelo Editor-Chefe; e b) Double Blind Review (avaliação cega por dois avaliadores da área).
Agribusiness trade is a complex network of commercial relations among countries, and it is influenced by on-shore and off-shore logistics. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend these relationships to improve decision-making regarding production and logistical development. This paper investigates Brazilian agricultural and livestock exports between 2013 and 2022 to understand logistical bottlenecks based on trade partners. To do so, we performed descriptive statistics and social network analysis (SNA) considering measures such as degree centrality, k-core, and tie strength. Our results indicate Brazil’s dependency on Asian markets whereby eight of ten are located on this continent. We observe an unexpected result regarding the low purchase of these products byimportant Brazilian partners such as the United States, the UK, and the European Union. Finally, the study confirms the Brazilian logistical bottleneck where two logistical corridors correspond to 76% of all agricultural exports in the period, with Santos, the busiest port, moving more than 46% of the cargo.
Rapid technological change and globalization have created new challenges when it comes to the protection and processing of personal data. In 2018, Brazil presented a new law that has the proposal to inform how personal data should be collected and treated, to guarantee the security and integrity of the data holder. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the principles of the General Law on Personal Data Protection, informing real cases of leakage of personal data and thus obtaining an understanding of the importance of gains that meet the interests of Internet users on the subject and its benefits to the entire Brazilian society.
Os sistemas de armazenamento são essenciais para a produção agrícola, principalmente para as cadeias produtivas de grãos. Entretanto, é dependente dos agentes públicos e privados para sua viabilização e manutenção como serviço. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar como estão sendo realizadas as armazenagens de grãos nas diferentes Regiões do Brasil em relação aos agentes econômicos gestores: Iniciativa Privada, Governo, Cooperativa e Economia Mista. A metodologia para esse estudo se vale da Análise de Redes Sociais que permite investigar as relações entre os produtos armazenados e os tipos de agente econômicos presentes em cada região. Os resultados apresentaram que os armazéns muitas vezes têm uma grande variação dos tipos de grãos armazenados e existe um papel predominante da Iniciativa Privada na gestão desses sistemas de armazenamento.
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