Language textbooks mainly guide language learning and teaching activities. Most of the language textbooks used to comprise a range of visual texts, such as pictures, illustrations, and photos. The study adopts the Visual Grammar Theory by Kress and Leeuwen (2006) to elucidate the pedagogical functions of visual images and explore how such images can be exploited for learning tasks from a micro multimodal perspective. The data consist of 142 visual images in Indonesian senior high school EFL textbook grades ten (X) and eleven (XI). The findings pointed out that the textbook uses visual images' full potential to fulfill pedagogical aims. Many visual images or texts in language textbooks serve information and illustrations rather than as a decorative function. Visual images may assist students to engage effectively in learning tasks by emphasizing the meaning of information presented in images and text. This study suggests that learning activities should consider multimodal texts to contribute significantly. This research aims to enhance knowledge about the pedagogical function of visual images in textbooks and can be a reference for further exploration.
The golden age is an important period when children receive a wide range of knowledge. It takes place between two years of age to six. The initial process of early literacy starts also here in which several components state meaningful supports; vocabulary, print knowledge, phonological awareness, emergent reading, and arts. Three previous studies for this article show that the integration between learning at home and at school for the supports is not yet integrated. Based on the research results that are relevant to this study, it was found that children whose parent were optimizing the chance of receiving a stimulus language well, will grow into adults who are capable in terms of language as well as having a tendency to more easily understand the readings five times greater than adults who in his childhood did not receive the same stimuli. The general objective of this study was to find the concept of activity-based meaningful language activities either through sub reading, storytelling, dialogue, as well as arts of toddlers. The specific objective of this study was to: Discover how the existing conditions in similar processes and guidelines that are applied in other countries as a comparison; Finding the design and guidelines for teacher and parent in facilitating emergent reading and arts; Finding the effectiveness of ongoing literacy learning activities. Mix methods applied here took 40 teachers and 40 parents lived in Madiun and surroundings. The first questionnaire and observation for both participants showed what real emergent and arts activities for their children and also whether those acts were standardized or not. The second part was sharing the program and figuring the guidelines which lead them act as the target shared. And the last one was the evaluation which promoted observation, interviews and documents from the progress.
A number of studies have reported neoliberal representation in English textbooks in a variety of contexts around the world. However, the study focusing on self-entrepreneurship as one of the critical neoliberal tenets is scantily addressed. To fill this void, the present study seeks to investigate the representation of self-entrepreneurship deliberately inculcated in English textbooks. Anchored in critical discourse analysis and Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), this study investigated three Business English textbooks used in higher education in Indonesian. The findings of the study revealed that the English textbooks employed role-playing, presenting celebrity and fame, exhibiting famous entrepreneur figures, presenting the distinct image of entrepreneurial figures, and portraying entrepreneur figures through article or literature to disseminate self-entrepreneurship notions displayed in a variety of discourses. The findings of the current study call to equip educational practitioners (e.g., teachers, policymakers, book designers) with critical thinking skills as well as provide them practical tools to interrogate ideology, norms, and values encapsulated within curriculum artefacts such as language textbooks.
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